考虑腹地关系的内河港口竞争策略分析

针对上下游两个内河港口之间的竞争问题，考虑相邻港口同时选择单一定价、单一定价-差别定价、差别定价-单一定价和差别定价4 种竞争策略情形下，运用Hotelling 博弈方法，在考虑港口之间水运成本的情况下，对不同竞争阶段港口的均衡价格、市场份额和利润进行了比较. 研究表明：港口的均衡结果与两港的位置和水上、陆路单位运费率之比有关；只有单一港口选择差别定价时，其可以获取更高的市场份额和利润；分别以不同阶段的市场份额、利润作为支付函数，上下游港口的纳什均衡均为差别定价策略.     

基于出行方式决策过程的价格调控策略辅助措施研究

从提高个体在价格调控策略下的绿色出行意向入手，制定价格调控策略的辅助措施是提升价格调控策略有效性的重要手段.本文基于出行决策行为变化自调节阶段模型，构建了价格调控策略下的居民出行方式决策过程概念模型.利用拥堵收费和奖励策略下的出行方式决策心理调查数据，基于结构方程模型，对比分析了拥堵收费和奖励策略下不同机动化出行习惯强度个体通勤与非通勤出行方式决策心理的差异化特征.最后，针对出行方式决策过程中动机形成阶段，计划行为阶段，以及实施计划阶段的心理特征，分别提出了价格调控策略的辅助措施，为价格调控策略实施提供了更好的辅助决策支持.     

船舶油料供受作业监管中存在问题及对策

随着世界航运业的快速发展,我国海域内船舶油料供受业务的不断发展,由于船舶油料供受作业存在较大的污染风险,因此,如何加强船舶油料供受作业监管是海事管理机构必须考虑的问题。文中首先介绍了我国目前船舶油料供受作业监管的法律规定,然后分析了目前船舶油料供受作业监管中存在的主要问题,最后提出了加强船舶油料供受作业海事监管的几点策略。     

The status of coastal zone management in South Africa

Abstract

In this article, an overview of the status of coastal zone management (CZM) in South Africa is presented. Firstly, it provides background to the development of various initiatives to promote sustainable use of coastal resources within the context of sociopolitical changes in South Africa. Thereafter, it examines the progress made with respect to key attributes underpinning most CZM programs. Finally, it identifies obstacles to achieving effective CZM in South Africa and makes recommendations to address these shortcomings. The review reveals that whilst considerable progress has been made in certain areas of program development, such as resource conservation and pollution control, there are several gaps and inadequacies within existing efforts. These include the absence of a clear policy to guide efforts, lack of coordination amongst government departments involved in CZM, as well as inadequacies in our legal and administrative system. The promulgation of a Coastal Zone Management Act and the establishment of a Coastal Unit charged with the coordination and review of all activities impinging on coastal resources are amongst the recommendations made.     

成人高等教育英语阅读误区探讨

英语阅读在成人高等教育中占重要的地位。而成人学生们在做阅读理解题目的过程中存在一些误区,而这些误区会影响阅读应试能力的提高。文中就英语阅读理解中常见的几个误区进行分析,并为这些误区提供相应的阅读策略。     

Quantifying the effects of driver non-compliance and communication system failure in the performance of real-time bus control strategies

Control strategies that prevent bus bunching allow for improvement to the level of service offered by a transit corridor as well as reducing travel time and its variability, thus providing higher reliability to the user. Several optimization models based on the use of real-time information have been shown to achieve this, through the planning of holding of the buses at bus stops. In the majority of the cases the benefits of these models have been estimated assuming ideal operational conditions while only few of them have been tested in real conditions. However, neither the simulation experiment, nor the real implementations have quantified the effects of real-life phenomena that harm the performance of the system, preventing it from achieving the full potential of these control schemes.This paper examines three phenomena that may occur during the operation of a bus service, which would limit the effectiveness of a holding-based control strategy in the sense that some of the planned holdings might not be executed. These phenomena are drivers non-compliance, failure of communication systems with buses, and the combination of both. The objective is to estimate the negative impact these phenomena can have on the benefits of the strategy, and to identify possible measures that could help operators and decision makers to reduce this impact. Both objectives are achieved using the real-time holding model developed by Delgado et al. (2012), which is tested in a simulation environment.     

Opportunities for increased profit and reduced cost and emissions by service differentiation within container liner shipping

This paper investigates opportunities for increased profit and reduced emissions and cost by service differentiation within container shipping. Traditionally the strategy among the container lines has been profit maximization by utilizing economies of scale through the building of larger and faster vessels. In 2008, the financial crisis in combination with higher fuel prices put an end to this progress and in today’s market operators are basically trying to survive by providing standardized services at the lowest possible cost. This study investigates alternative strategies and the results indicate that container lines should provide two different services instead of one standardized service. A fast service to be more competitive versus air freight for fast-moving goods and a slow service to be more competitive versus traditional shipping types for transport of minor bulk, break bulk, liquid bulk and project cargo.     

建设工程项目的投标报价风险分析

招投标阶段是建设工程项目形成阶段,招投标活动的行为直接影响工程项目的实施,其中也存在较大的风险。因此很有必要进行风险分析。本文分析了投标阶段承包商所面临多种风险因素,产生了各种风险效应,根据风险效应平衡点提出了规避风险策略,为承包商投标报价提供有益参考。     

现代多电平逆变器的控制策略

今天多电平逆变器已引起人们极大的兴趣,但是随着电平数的增加,控制的复杂性也随之增加,并且带来了电压不平衡等问题.文章对当今水平的多电平逆变器的调制技术和控制策略,如:多电平正弦脉冲宽度调制、空间矢量调制、多电平选择性谐波消除、空间矢量控制以及电容器平衡技术等,进行了系统的分析.