Road traffic crashes and risk groups in India: Analysis,interpretations, and prevention strategies

Current literature does not adequately discuss India's quickly changing transportation scenario, especially road traffic crash (RTC) concerns. The objectives of this work were to (a) present the national RTC framework and a case study of Andhra Pradesh (AP); (b) analyze and identify risk types; (c) discuss trends and data deficiencies; and (d) recommend prevention strategies. During the period 1970–2009, the nation's road length increased at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.2%, whereas the number of registered vehicles, RTCs, and fatalities grew at 12%, 3.8%, and 5.7% CAGR respectively. Exposure risk dropped from 103 to 11 fatalities per 10 000 vehicles but increased from 2.7 to 10.8 fatalities per 100 000 people.     

Categorization of the lane change decision process on freeways

Traffic operations for new road layouts are often simulated using microscopic traffic simulation packages. These traffic simulation packages usually simulate traffic on freeways by a combination of a car-following model and a lane change model. The car-following models have gained attention of researchers and are well calibrated versus data. The proposed lane change models are often representations of assumed reasonable behavior, not necessarily corresponding to reality. The current simulation packages apply solely one specific type of model for car-following or lane changing for all vehicles during the simulation. This paper investigates the decision process of lane changing maneuvers for a variety of drivers based on a two-stage test-drive. Participants are asked to take a drive on a freeway in the Netherlands in a camera-equipped vehicle. Afterwards, the drivers are asked to comment on their choices related to lane and speed choice, while watching the video. This paper reveals that different drivers have completely different strategies to choose lanes, and the choices to change lane are related to their speed choice. Four distinct strategies are empirically found. These strategies differ not only in parameter values, as is currently being modeled in most simulation packages, but also in their reasoning. Most remarkably, all drivers perceive their strategy as an obvious behavior and expect all other drivers to drive in a similar way. In addition to the interviews of the participants in the test-drive, 11 people who did not take part in the experiment were interviewed and questioned on lane change decisions. Moreover, the findings of this study have been presented to various groups of audience with different backgrounds (about 150 people). Their comments and feedback on the derived driving strategies have added some value to this study. The findings in this paper form a starting point for developing a novel lane change model which considers four different driving strategies among the drivers on freeway. This is a significant contribution in the area of driving behavior modeling, since the existing microscopic simulators consider only one type of lane change models for all drivers during the simulation. This could lead to significant changes in the way lane changes on freeways are modeled.     

航海职业教育师资队伍建设所面临的问题分析与对策

STCW78／95国际公约的实施，以及我国大力发展职业教育政策的出台，在航海类院校或培训机构不断为船员推出新的培训课程与每5年一次知识更新的同时，对我国航海职业教育师资可能面临的一些问题进行分析，并从教师的聘任制度、教师的在职进修、教师的职称评定等方面提出对策，以对我国的航海职业教育师资队伍建设具有促进作用。     

从能力测试和问卷调查看高职学生的英语应用能力

本文以英语应用能力测试,问卷调查的形式,对我院8个班学生的英语学习现状和实际应用能力进行实地调查.通过对测试结果以及学习动机和学习策略问卷数据的分析和探讨,总结了高职学生英语学习中的不足,并对今后高职英语教学提出一些教学改革思路.     

基于核心能力的战略信息系统规划方法

为了提升战略信息系统规划的效果，提出了一种新的规划方法．该方法以基于核心能力的竞争优势理论为指导，强调企业经营战略规划与战略信息系统规划的协同，同时关注企业内外信息需求，不仅包括信息技术规划，还包括信息资源、信息组织规划和业务流程重组．     

成渝两地高速公路客运经营策略研究

成都与重庆作为我国西南地区的两个特大城市,经济联系非常密切,长期以来,一直由公路、铁路、民航三种运输方式共同承担着两地的旅客运输任务,竞争非常激烈.遂渝准高速铁路通车后,再度掀起了成渝两地间客运的激烈竞争,铁路运输"安全、舒适、运价低"的优势给高速公路与民航客运带来了巨大压力.回顾了成渝两地间三种运输方式的客运竞争历史,分析了未来两地间旅客运输的竞争局势,采用SWOT分析法研究了高速公路客运在特定竞争环境下的经营战略问题,提出应及时实施战略转移,并相应提出了六项具体的防御性竞争策略.     

湿陷性黄土地区路堤的施工对策

湿陷性黄土国内中西部地区分布较广,给公路工程的路基施工和成形质量造成一定的影响;本文通过数理分析结合实践经验总结探索了相应的施工对策.     

基于SWOT分析的山东港湾公司发展战略

加入WTO后山东港湾公司面临着各种机遇和挑战。基于SWOT原理,分析山东港湾公司面临的优劣势以及机会与威胁,并对其发展战略进行了定位。根据这一定位,提出了若干适应公司发展的职能战略。     

网络环境下的英语自主学习和元认知策略培训

首先探讨了网络环境下自主英语学习的特点,对现存问题进行了分析,然后介绍了元认知理论以及在整个学习策略系统中起主导作用的元认知策略,并提出教师应对学生网络自主学习进行元认知策略培训,以提高学生的自主学习能力,最后通过元认知策略培训的举例来进一步说明实施培训的方法和操作过程．     

城市轨道交通线网的收费策略

为了最大程度发挥城市轨道交通的社会效益和提高运营企业的经济效益,需要对城市轨道交通收费策略进行科学的研究与分析.阐释了收费策略的两个重要方面:收费原则和收费方法.在把城市轨道交通分为三个发展阶段的基础上,探讨了各个阶段的收费原则,并详细研究了由票制、票种、票价、优惠手段等方面组成的收费方法,建立起城市轨道交通线网收费策略理论体系.初步总结了城市轨道交通收费策略对城市交通出行的影响.良好的收费策略不仅需要考虑如何能减少政府财政负担、增加运营企业收益、缓解城市交通压力,还应适当考虑出行者的经济承受能力.