对沉入式大圆筒结构岸壁受力状态的分析

描述了沉入式整体大圆筒结构的工作介质与变形受力状态的自身特征 ,在此基础上 ,分析了抗倾计算中的三种受力状态。     

构造应力场中层状围岩隧道动力响应数值分析

层状岩层的横观各向同性使得振动波在岩层中沿着不同方向传播时,质点的振动特性有着一定的差异。以我国西南地区某高海拔山区单向公路隧道的全断面爆破掘进为研究背景,利用FLAC 3D软件对构造应力场中均质围岩及倾角不同的层状围岩在隧道爆破开挖过程中的变形、振动速度进行研究。研究结果表明,隧道开挖爆破后,洞周岩体变形不对称式分布,左、右拱腰部位变形最大,均质围岩洞周各部位变形在5种模型中相对较小;爆源距相同时,层状围岩左、右测点的x向振动速度均大于上、下测点的z向振动速度;断层破碎带、层理结构面对于振动波的传播既有消振又有聚振的作用,与断层破碎带和层理结构面的产状、空间关系及振动波相对结构面入射角度有关。     

Time-domain structural analysis during block turnover and lifting using 2D flexible multibody dynamics

Ship construction involves the assembly of several blocks on a dock. When a block is lifted using a crane, it undergoes deformation. Until now, structural analysis has been applied in a few cases to evaluate the stress on such blocks. Therefore, this study proposes an evaluation method for time-domain stress using 2D flexible multibody dynamics. We adopt the discrete Euler-Lagrange equation to achieve robustness during the numerical integration of problems that involve high stiffness. We formulate the equations of motion of 2D shell elements based on the absolute nodal coordinate formulation, which is an efficient analysis technique for nonlinear and large deformation cases. We also derive the two types of kinematic constraints (ball and fixed joints) between the rigid and shell element, which can be attached to an arbitrary point. Based on the theories, we develop the program to build models, including 2D flexible multibody dynamics and several joints, and to solve the equations of motion efficiently. As a result, it is successfully applied to the dynamic analysis of the block turnover by a gantry crane and the block lifting by a floating crane. The von-Mises stresses that change over time are compared to the maximum yield stress and analyzed according to the wave direction.     

Three-dimensional equivalent static analysis for design of submerged floating tunnel

Stress evaluation of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is an issue important for determining the section dimensions required to resist environmental loads. However, the complex interaction between an SFT and surrounding fluid has confined most research on SFTs to longitudinal global time-history analyses based on Morison's equation [1]. Even though these analyses give sufficient information in the longitudinal direction, too little information about the circumferential direction compels an SFT section to be designed conservatively. This means that SFT design requires additional information on the structural behavior of the tunnel in the circumferential direction for efficient design. Accordingly, a supplementary approach by which to obtain structural responses in the circumferential direction is introduced in this paper. Upon consideration of the static responses equivalent to the dynamic behavior, three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element analyses of an SFT were performed by application of static loads corresponding to dynamic loads equivalent to those of wave, current and earthquake. The validation of each equivalent static load was supported by the results from comparison of the tension forces in mooring lines obtained using OrcaFlex [2] and ABAQUS [3]. These were used mainly for longitudinal dynamic analysis and 3-D stress evaluation, respectively, of an SFT. Based on the stresses obtained in the longitudinal and circumferential directions, the selection of suitable section dimensions for an SFT is considered.     

Size effect on residual stress in low transformation temperature welded joints

It has been reported that low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metals are beneficial to generation of compressive residual stress around weld zone. In this study, the relationship among residual stress, size effect of LTT welded joints with different plate width and thickness as well as martensite start (Ms) temperatures was investigated by experimental and finite-element analysis. It was found that heat dissipation and thermal expansion coefficient of LTT weld metal had a significant impact on residual stress. Welded joint with a small plate width led to greater compressive residual stresses in the LTT weld, which was due to the lower heat dissipation and smaller thermal expansion coefficient of the LTT weld metal in due course of cooling process. Additionally, the finite-element analysis revealed that increasing plate width mainly affected the longitudinal residual stress, while increasing the plate thickness influenced all the residual stress components in the LTT weld. Furthermore, the LTT weld with a lower Ms temperature of 191 °C resulted in greater compressive residual stresses, and was less sensitive to the LTT joint size, as against the Ms temperature of 398 °C.     

橡胶沥青应力吸收层在城市新建道路中的应用研究

为减少或延缓城市道路半刚性基层反射裂缝的萌生、扩展,通过室内试验研究了橡胶沥青应力吸收层路用性能,分析其作为半刚性基础抗裂措施的抗裂效果.结合城市新建道路工程现场试验段,对其施工工艺和施工质量控制要点进行了总结,提高了现场施工的质量,并对现场试验段的长期使用效果进行跟踪观察.结果 表明,铺设橡胶沥青应力吸收层后,路面的...     

膨润土泥浆改良土压盾构粉细砂渣土流动性机制分析

为了揭示膨润土泥浆改良土压盾构粉细砂地层渣土流动性机制,采用跳桌和十字板剪切仪分别测试改良后渣土的流动度和剪切参数变化规律,分析改良粉细砂渣土剪切应力-应变关系和流变模型。结果表明： 1）采用膨水比为1[KG-*4]∶[KG-*4]4的泥浆掺入质量比7%~13%、膨水比为1[KG-*4]∶[KG-*4]6的泥浆掺入质量比7%以及两者之间的配比和掺量,改良粉细砂渣土可以满足其流动性的要求; 2）仅添加对应量的自由水来改良粉细砂渣土的流动性,无法达到良好的效果; 3）随着泥浆掺入质量比的提高和膨水比的降低,改良渣土的流动度显著增大,且其流动度与剪切应力大小存在负相关关系; 4）采用膨润土泥浆改良后的粉细砂渣土符合Bingham模型,塑性黏度和屈服应力的降低是其流动性增大的根本原因。     

驾驶压力影响因素与识别方法研究综述

高强度的驾驶压力会对驾驶人的情绪、决策及行为产生负面影响,可能导致交通事故,并对驾驶人的健康状况造成长期影响。本文借助CiteSpace软件对驾驶压力研究进行可视化分析,进一步从驾驶人自身因素、车辆内部和外部因素这3方面总结驾驶压力影响因素,并归纳整理驾驶压力识别方法。总结发现：交通拥堵、道路复杂性及新技术使用等驾驶环境因素是引发或增加驾驶压力的主要因素;非职业驾驶人易受车辆外部环境的影响,职业驾驶人易因工作产生负面情绪,导致驾驶压力增加。驾驶压力识别主要基于主观测评量表、驾驶行为分析及生理数据分析等方法开展研究,其中,基于生理数据的识别方法因其较高的识别精度和准确度被认为在驾驶压力识别领域具有明显的优势。从研究趋势来看,未来研究需重视社会环境以及多因素叠加对驾驶压力的影响,特别关注职业驾驶人及新技术的影响,以及如何采用多模态数据融合方法实现实时监测,以提高驾驶压力识别的精度。     

桥面融雪除冰能量桩热泵系统换热效率现场试验

基于能量桩的桥面工程主动式融雪除冰技术作为一种新型桥面融雪除冰技术,具有环保、节能等技术优势。依托江阴市征存路观风桥市政桥梁工程,开展能量桩供热桥面板的换热效率与热-力响应特性现场试验。在桩基础和桥面板中分别预埋聚乙烯管作为换热管,通过水泵驱动换热管中的流体循环,提取浅层地温能供热桥面板;沿桩身深度方向和在桥面板中布设了温度-应变传感器,用于监测试验过程中相应位置的温度和应变。试验分析冬季工况下,一根20 m的能量桩供热20 m²的桥面板时,流体、桥面板、桩的温度变化以及桥面板和能量桩的热致应力分布。研究结果表明：根据现场试验条件,环境温度为-4℃时,20 m能量桩供热20 m²桥面板可保证桥面板表面温度始终高于0℃,即平均每延米能量桩热泵系统可保障1 m²桥面板不冻结;温度的改变使得能量桩和桥面板中产生热致应力,桩身最大轴向热致应力出现在桩深10 m （50%桩长）处,约为-1.05 MPa,为混凝土抗拉强度（2.0 MPa）的52.2%,桩身最大轴向热致应力的温度响应约为0.205 MPa·℃^-1;桥面板中最大热致应力为0.77 MPa,为混凝土抗压强度（26.8 MPa）的2.9%,热致应力的温度响应为0.086 MPa·℃^-1;能量桩上部受到最大正摩阻力为21.1 kPa,下部受到最大负摩阻力为13.3 kPa;试验结束时桩顶热致位移为-0.239 mm,约0.03%桩径。