25t轴重荷载作用下隧底脱空区域受力特性分析

为了研究在役铁路隧道在通车之后隧底脱空病害的问题,采用有限元理论,建立隧道脱空区域在围岩压力与25 t轴重列车动载作用下的数值计算模型,主要研究80 cm与40 cm脱空宽度分别距隧道中心线0,80 cm与160 cm时脱空区域的受力特性。结果表明:在围岩压力下,脱空区域中线上壁和外侧顶角混凝土中产生拉应力及内侧顶角中产生压应力,其中压应力对脱空的宽度更为敏感;同时施加列车动载作用时,脱空区域上壁出现了竖向动应力与横向拉应力,得到了脱空区域力学指标的最大响应值及其出现的具体位置,宽度的增加对脱空区上壁横向拉应力更为显著,上壁横向拉应力增幅超过200%,竖向动应力增幅达50%。因此,隧底脱空区周围应力分布复杂,拉应力与压应力在脱空区域同时存在,应力突变严重,对脱空现象应及时组织处理。     

含碎石化层的沥青加铺路面结构分析

利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了含碎石化层的沥青加铺路面结构模型,研究土基、旧路基层与碎石化层模量以及碎石化层和加铺层厚度对含碎石化层沥青加铺层路面结构的力学响应的影响,确定碎石化模量的控制范围.结果表明,荷载作用中心点及附近一定区域,沥青加铺层层底受拉;沥青加铺层层底拉应力对土基模量、旧路基层模量、碎石化层厚度不敏感,但当碎石化层模量较小(接近300MPa)或加铺层厚(大于20cm)时层底拉应力均较大,在重载作用下更大.因此碎石化道路必须验算沥青层层底拉应力指标.为使沥青层层底拉应力峰值不至于过大甚至超过容许拉应力,使得受拉区域控制在一定范围以内,同时为降低加铺层竖向剪应力及土基顶面压应变,并达到防治反射裂缝的效果,碎石化层的模量宜控制在500～1000MPa.     

基于信令数据的出行强度影响因素分析模型

为探究城市交通出行强度影响因素及不同因素的影响程度，本文从土地利用与交通基础设施建设两方面出发，分析包括土地利用混合指数，职住混合率熵指数，公共交通站点 500 m覆盖率，路网可达性等17个指标与出行强度的相关关系；基于相关系数和拟合优度分析，提取7个与出行强度强相关指标，基于所识别指标构建北京市中心城区出行强度多元回归模型.模型结果表明，职住混合率熵指数对出行强度的影响最为显著，公共交通站点覆盖率对出行强度的影响比道路网密度和可达性更为明显.此外，给出单一土地利用/交通基础设施指标对出行强度拟合结果的离群特征分析方法，用于评估不同区域基础设施供给与交通出行需求之间的平衡关系.     

Analysis of cross effect on inherent deformation during the line heating process – Part 1 – Single crossed heating lines

This paper describes the effect of previous heating on inherent deformation by a subsequent heating line, more specifically, the case of two heating lines intersecting (crossing) each other. The paper has been divided into two parts. In the first part, the case of single crossed heating lines is studied in detail. The second part of the paper, discusses the case of more than one crossed heating lines. The novelty of the work lies in revealing the cross effect and how, factors such as, for example, the heating condition and the plate geometry, influence the resulting inherent deformation of crossed heating. In addition, relationships to easily get these influences are provided. The results are suitable for a wide range of heating conditions and plate thickness.     

基于多源数据的公交车能耗碳排放测算模型

公交车能耗碳排放强度与车辆、线路和驾驶员有显著相关关系，为精准刻画其能耗碳排放强度特征，整合OBD监测数据、加油(气)数据、运营排班数据等多源数据资源. OBD监测数据和加油(气)数据呈显著的线性关系，证明修正后的OBD监测数据可满足分析要求. 搭建“速度-能耗碳排放强度曲线”测算模型，幂函数关系的拟合优度R2 =0.972 6 为最高. 实证研究发现，平均速度在10~60 km/h 变化时，液化天然气(LNG)车比柴油车能耗碳排放强度高 3.3%~33.7%，双层车比铰接车高2.4%~13.3%；LNG铰接车在不同线路、相同速度下的强度相差9.6%；不同驾驶员在相同线路的能耗碳排放强度可相差24.2%. 模型为各城市基于多源数据开展公交能耗碳排放目标设定提供数据支撑.     

横梁端部节点优化

通过有限元计算,对比几种常见的横梁端部连接方式,综合考虑结构整体强度、钢材使用量、舱室空间利用率、施工便利性等方面的影响因素,确定较优的连接过渡方式和过渡结构的参数尺寸,为船舶设计横梁端部节点形式的确定提供参考。     

Commuting and wellbeing: a critical overview of the literature with implications for policy and future research

ABSTRACT

This review provides a critical overview of what has been learnt about commuting’s impact on subjective wellbeing (SWB). It is structured around a conceptual model which assumes commuting can affect SWB over three time horizons: (i) during the journey; (ii) immediately after the journey; and (iii) over the longer term. Our assessment of the evidence shows that mood is lower during the commute than other daily activities and stress can be induced by congestion, crowding and unpredictability. People who walk or cycle to work are generally more satisfied with their commute than those who travel by car and especially those who use public transport. Satisfaction decreases with duration of commute, regardless of mode used, and increases when travelling with company. After the journey, evidence shows that the commute experience “spills over” into how people feel and perform at work and home. However, a consistent link between commuting and life satisfaction overall has not been established. The evidence suggests that commuters are generally successful in trading off the drawbacks of longer and more arduous commute journeys against the benefits they bring in relation to overall life satisfaction, but further research is required to understand the decision making involved. The evidence review points to six areas that warrant policy action and research: (i) enhancing the commute experience; (ii) increasing commute satisfaction; (iii) reducing the impacts of long duration commutes; (iv) meeting commuter preferences; (v) recognising flexibility and constraints in commuting routines and (vi) accounting for SWB impacts of commuting in policy making and appraisal.     

Assessment of fatigue strength of steel butt-welded joints in as-welded condition – Alternative approaches for curve fitting and mean stress effect analysis

Experimental fatigue data for butt-welded joints in as-welded condition and under constant amplitude tensile loading (secondary bending included) were analyzed using the nominal stress system and the notch stress system. Two approaches were used; a standard fitting procedure and minimization of the sum of squared perpendicular distances from a line with a fixed and free slope. In all cases, the latter method gave better agreement between the experimental and predicted fatigue life and fatigue strength. The analyses showed both with all broken specimen data included and with reduced data that the FAT225 curve, as recommended by IIW, might be too optimistic for the notch stress approach in the case of butt-welded joints in as-welded condition. It was also found that use of the local stress ratio instead of the applied stress ratio might explain many issues concerning current observations and apparent inconsistencies in reported literature.     

小直径盾构施工中管片纵向应力监测研究

为了探索小直径盾构法隧道在施工过程中管片纵向应力的变化规律,对北京槐房再生水厂污水隧道管片纵向应力进行了现场监测:将第976环、第1 054环管片分别设为第1和第2监测断面,2监测断面各预埋5个纵向应力计,各监测断面从本监测断面管片安装后即开始监测,当盾构掘进至第1 129环时停止监测。研究表明:1)在管片离开盾尾50环后,其纵向应力波动值小于管片拼装期间应力值的5%。2)在盾构掘进期间,管片距离盾构越远,其纵向压应力值越小。3)在管片拼装期间,管片距离盾构越远,其纵向压应力经历了先增大后减小的过程。4)管片距离盾构108环后,该管片纵向压应力趋近于0.2~0.3 MPa。5)随着盾构推进,管片纵向应力经历了4个阶段的变化过程,即周期性剧烈波动阶段—动态稳定阶段—逐渐衰减阶段—趋于稳定阶段。     

城市地下道路分(合)流匝道通风阻力特性

为分析多点进出结构的城市地下道路空气流动特性,以长沙市营盘路湘江隧道为原型,通过现场实测、缩尺模型试验以及CFD软件数值模拟方法,对分(合)匝道通风阻力特性进行了研究,考察了雷诺数、风量比、分岔角度对分(合)流匝道阻力特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:1)主隧道与匝道风量比、主隧道与匝道夹角是影响分(合)流匝道局部阻力系数的关键因素;2)城市地下道路分(合)流匝道局部阻力变化特性,不宜简单套用通风管道的三通构件的参数;3)结合最小二乘法和Matlab软件对计算结果进行多因素回归分析,给出了基于长沙营盘路湘江隧道的分(合)流匝道主隧道和匝道的局部阻力系数关联式。研究结果可为复杂结构城市地下道路通风系统阻力特性分析及通风工程优化设计提供方法参考。