考虑荷载历史的既有桥梁结构可靠度分析方法

针对既有桥梁结构的特点,建立了考虑荷载历史的可靠度分析模型,并讨论了其计算方法。应用所研究的方法,对一座实际钢筋混凝土桥梁的承载能力可靠度进行了分析和评估;结果表明,荷载历史对该桥可靠度提高的影响不容忽视。     

路堤块石自然对流机理的室内模拟试验研究

为研究路堤块石在边界温度周期波动条件下的自然对流发生机理及降温效应的表征参数,采用室内模拟方法对50×50×65cm3尺寸的不同块石试样进行了试验和理论分析,结果表明:平均RAYLEIGH数能描述块石层自然对流的发生情况,不同厚度的块石层将产生不同的对流模式,厚度大的块石层所产生的自然对流降温效应也较大,上层砂砾加下层块石的结构自然对流效应最弱。块石层降温效果取决于块石粒径、层厚及铺筑在路堤中的位置,这一结论对多年冻土地区路堤设计、施工,合理确定块石铺筑层厚、铺筑层位具有现实指导意义。     

索力测定常用公式精度分析

本文分析了常用的频率法测定索力公式的精度。利用作者建立的拉索非线性有限元法分析程序,可得到对应特定索力的拉索频率分布,基于此频率分布,采用不同的索力公式可推算出对应的索力。通过对比所得索力与设定索力可判断各公式的精度。本文以某斜拉桥的拉索为例,对处于不同张紧程度、不同长度的拉索进行了分析。分析结果给出了频率法测定索力时的注意事项,以及各公式的适用范围,并推荐了一种高精度的索力推算公式。     

电站600 MW机组P91三通的设计制造

采用压力面积法对电站 6 0 0MW机组主蒸汽管道P91材质三通进行设计 ,应用有限元对设计模型进行验证 ,通过改进常规径向补偿热压工艺 ,成功制造出 6 0 0MW机组P91钢 90°热挤压三通。通过检验和试验 ,表明其可替代进口锻制 6 0 0MW机组P91钢 90°三通。     

An Exploration of the Relationship between Timing and Duration of Maintenance Activities

The timing and duration of an activity episode are two important temporal aspects of activity-travel behavior. Understanding the causal relationship between these two variables would be useful in the development of activity-based travel demand modeling systems. This paper investigates the relationship between these two variables by considering two different causal structures – one structure in which time-of-day choice is determined first and influences duration and a second structure in which activity duration is determined first and affects time-of-day choice. These two structures are estimated within a discrete-continuous simultaneous equations framework employing a full-information maximum likelihood methodology that allows error covariance. The estimation is performed separately for commuter and non-commuter samples drawn from a 1996 household travel survey data set from the Tampa Bay area in Florida. The results of the model estimation effort show that the causal structure in which activity duration precedes or affects activity timing (time of day choice) performs better for the non-commuter sample. For the commuter sample, the findings were less conclusive with both causal structures offering equally good statistical measures of fit. In addition, for the commuter sample, all error correlations were found to be zero. These two findings suggest that time of day choice and activity episode duration are only loosely related for the commuter sample, possibly due to the relatively non-discretionary and inflexible work activity and travel.     

A cross-country study of fairness and infringement on freedom as determinants of car owners' acceptance of road pricing

Jakobsson et al. (2000) found that in Sweden public acceptance of road pricing decreases if it is perceived to be unfair and to infringe on freedom. The present study reports a survey investigating whether the same effects are found in the Asian countries of Japan and Taiwan. The results indicate that fairness plays the same role. However, income had a direct effect on acceptance in Taiwan but not in Japan or Sweden.     

深圳市“5.24”暴雨洪水灾后的反思

1998年5月24日，深圳市暴雨成灾，经济损失很大。本文总结和分析了暴雨洪水的特性及其成灾的原因，提出防洪减灾的措施和建议。     

柔性桩与土相互作用非线性分析的增量传递矩阵法

对桩侧土采用非线性荷载传递函数,对桩端土采用线性荷载传递函数,同时考虑桩周土所分担的荷载对单桩荷载传递规律的影响,利用增量荷载传递矩阵法及微分方程的近似解法--子域法,推出了刚性承台下柔性桩与地基非线性相互作用的近似解析算式。为了验证该方法的可行性,通过试验将试验结果与有限元结果及该方法所得结果进行了对比,对比表明:该理论解与现场实测值、有限元计算值都非常接近。     

以位移为基础的钢筋混凝土连续梁桥抗震设计方法

利用等效线性化方法将钢筋混凝土(RC)连续梁桥结构简化为多自由度线弹性体系,采用振型反应谱的概念研究了结构在横向地震作用下考虑多阶模态效应的直接基于位移的抗震设计方法。探讨了连续梁桥的上部结构(主梁)及桥墩(台)刚度的变化对结构横向振动模态质量与模态周期的影响,给出了多阶模态设计方法的具体设计过程。对对称与非对称连续梁桥采用相同的设计步骤进行基于位移的抗震设计,并对设计算例用非线性时程分析验证了设计结果的合理性。     

路堤荷载下管桩复合地基设计理论的试验研究

介绍了管桩复合地基在某高速公路软基试验工程中的应用,并简单分析了其加固效果,进而结合已有的研究成果,提出了一套路堤下刚性桩复合地基的设计理论。通过工程实践表明,该设计理论具有在工程实践中推广运用的价值。