轻型货车轮胎接地压力分布实测

利用自主开发的轮胎接地压力测试仪,进行了轻型货车不同花纹和不同使用年限轮胎,在不同轮胎胎压和不同负荷作用下,轮胎的接地压力分布规律测量。实测结果发现:轻型货车轮胎与路面的接触形状更接近于矩形;新胎比旧胎的接地压力要均匀些;轮胎胎压与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与有效接地面积基本上呈线性关系。     

小净距隧道建设的若干问题综述

从一些典型双洞小净距隧道施工等多方面认识入手,总结了小净距隧道设计和施工各方面的经验,其中包括合理净距取舍、超前支护、开挖方法、断面形式设计、中夹岩加固、支护衬砌参数。同时对小净距隧道施工中的几个重要方面作出了比较全面的经验总结,并提出了建议。     

Predicting the wet collapse pressure for flexible risers with initial ovalization and gap: An analytical solution

As offshore hydrocarbon production moves towards ultra-deep water, flexible risers have to withstand the huge hydro-static pressure without collapse. They are designed with strong collapse capacities, allowing them to operate under the condition where their annuli are flooded by the seawater. However, initial imperfections can weaken the collapse capacity under such a flooded condition, triggering the so-called “wet collapse”. Two common initial imperfections, the carcass ovality and the radial gap between the carcass and pressure armor, would reduce the collapse strength of flexible risers significantly. Mostly, collapse analyses are performed through numerical simulations, which are less feasible for the design stage of flexible risers comparing with analytical models. To date, there are few analytical models available in public literature to predict the wet collapse pressure of flexible risers accounting for initial ovality and gap. To meet this demand, an analytical model is established in this paper to address these issues. This model is developed as a spring-supported arch, solving the collapse pressure with stability theories of ring and arched structures. This analytical model is verified by numerical simulations, which gives prediction results that correlate well with the numerical ones.     

基于双层永久衬砌结构的桩基托换施工力学行为研究

以西安地铁1号线矿山法区间下穿太平河桥工程为背景,运用有限元方法分析研究基于双层永久衬砌结构的桩基托换体系的施工力学行为,并论证超前注浆预加固地层的效果。研究结果表明:基于双层永久衬砌结构的桥梁桩基托换体系安全可靠、环境影响小,可为后续类似桩基托换提供宝贵的借鉴和参考;桥桩托换段桩基出露施工环节对桥跨结构的沉降变形影响较大,是衬砌结构洞内托换群桩基础的关键工序,故施工过程中应予以重点关注;基于双层永久衬砌结构的桥梁桩基托换体系在完成承载体系的有效转换后托拱结构节点处产生明显的应力集中现象,因此应适当加厚桩基托换节点处结构厚度并增加配筋量以满足结构安全要求;桩基托换施工过程中桩基开挖暴露长度愈短,托换体系施工引起的桥跨结构沉降变形及桩基托换节点区域主应力值愈小;洞内预注浆加固能够显著降低桥跨结构沉降变形及托拱结构受力,从而确保隧道修建时桥梁结构的安全性。     

超大直径盾构工作井端头加固合理范围研究

本文以济南黄河隧道工程为研究背景,采用理论解析、数值模拟方法,研究超大直径盾构工作井端头加固合理范围。从洞门土体强度、稳定性及塑性角度,理论推导出盾构端头井合理加固范围;采用三维仿真软件,研究纵向、横向加固范围影响因素,并分析盾构隧道始发危险工况下产生的位移及应力场,研究方法及成果可为工程设计及施工提供科学指导和理论依据。     

基于螺杆桩的高铁梁场软土地基加固技术研究

为解决高铁梁场深厚软土地基加固问题,结合南沿江城际铁路金坛西梁场项目,对CFG桩、水泥搅拌桩、旋喷桩、钻孔灌注桩、预应力管桩、螺杆桩等加固方法,从技术可靠性、经济可行性等方面进行比选,最终选取螺杆桩作为高铁梁场制梁、存梁台座的地基加固方式;并对制梁、存梁台座下螺杆桩加固的复合地基设计及施工控制要点进行了阐述。对单桩及复合地基承载力进行了检测,对制梁、存梁台座使用时的变形沉降进行了监测,结果都满足设计及使用要求;这表明螺杆桩复合地基能满足高铁梁场深厚软土加固的需要,可供类似工程参考。     

考虑击穿水压的双道密封垫防水机制研究

为研究盾构隧道双道密封垫在防水性能提升上的效果，首先定性分析双道密封垫的防水机制，给出击穿水压概念以及基于弹性力学的密封垫击穿水压数值估算公式； 然后开展双道密封垫试验，对击穿水压数值进行验证，得出影响双道密封垫防水性能的一些因素。研究结果表明： 1）当外界水压大于外道密封垫初始防水能力的1.36倍时，密封垫被完全击穿，丧失残余防水能力； 2）不同的密封垫布置方式会影响双道密封垫的防水能力，在双道密封垫的实际应用中，需要将防水能力更强的密封垫布置在外侧，且双道密封垫的防水能力差距不宜过大； 3）沟槽的结构和尺寸会影响密封垫的防水能力； 4）无论是单道密封垫，还是双道密封垫，无错位量密封垫的防水压力远大于有错位量密封垫的防水压力，因此施工中应采取措施尽量减少错位量。     

Study on dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure

This paper is dedicated to the comprehensive investigation on dented hemispheres under external hydrostatic pressure. A total of 20 stainless steel hemispheres are fabricated, which have a nominal radius of 60 mm and a nominal wall thickness of 0.76 mm. These fabricated hemispheres are divided into four groups with five samples in each group. Wherein, three groups are dented using conical, spherical, and cylindrical indenters respectively, while the remaining group is designated as undented one. Both dented and undented hemispheres are hydrostatically tested into collapse to examine the effects of indention on the collapse characteristics of hemispheres. Additionally, all tested hemispheres are semi-analytically and numerically evaluated based on the measured geometric data and tested material properties. The experimental, semi-analytical, and numerical results are compared in figures and tables.     

隧道衬砌混凝土养护工艺研究

养护的温度、湿度、时间是保证混凝土养护质量的关键,及时有效的养护是提高隧道衬砌混凝土强度和耐久性的必要手段。隧道衬砌混凝土的养护应在拆模后立即实施,才能保证混凝土质量。以强度作为养护效果的评价标准,从养护效果的优劣上讲,标准养护>洒水养护(人工)>喷雾养护>喷淋养护>养护剂养护>半自然养护。推荐喷雾养护(非雾炮车)和喷淋养护作为隧道衬砌养护的主要手段。采用喷淋养护时会造成混凝土表面强度的降低,当采用回弹法作为主要手段进行检测时应引起注意。隧道拱顶布管自动喷淋养护、隧道拱顶布管双流体养护、喷雾养护系统等几种新型养护工艺有其科学合理性,值得推广应用。     

气囊气压无线监测报警技术在沉箱出运中的应用

本文通过介绍泉州港石湖作业区5号、6号泊位工程施工中研发和应用的气囊气压无线监测报警技术,为后续类似项目施工加强气囊压力监测,防范气囊爆裂风险,提高作业安全性,提供参考和借鉴。