地铁整体道床脱空破损机理及结构补强措施

随着我国地铁运营里程的增多,其线路的整体道床脱空破损的问题也日渐突出。为更好地指导道床脱空破损的整治,通过理论假定,建立道床受力模型,并对其进行破损模型验证分析。提出临界脱空面,通过对临界脱空面渗水至浸水过程来探讨分析道床脱空破损的机理。对于具体的道床破损整治工程,基于理论分析的结果,采用环氧补强加固方法。经过三年运营期的跟踪与反馈,表明此破损机理的分析与采用的施工工艺是符合实际情况的。     

基于坍落度的砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构渣土改良配方研究

针对成都轨道交通17号线一期工程土压平衡盾构法施工在砂卵石地层中遇到的难题，如螺旋输送机喷涌导致开挖面压力失控、卵石堆积于压力舱底部滞排等，采用膨润土和泡沫剂等对现场砂卵石进行室内渣土改良试验。结果表明： 1)改良剂的优化配比膨润土掺入质量比为5%，泡沫掺入体积比为10%~30%，即可使渣土的坍落度、和易性、抗渗性均保持良好，达到塑性流动状态。2)以渣土的坍落度在150~200 mm且无离析为改良的前提条件，以最小膨润土使用量为优化目的，建立砂卵石渣土坍落度与改良剂膨润土和水掺入量之间的三维曲面图，根据离析与非离析区域边界确定膨润土泥浆最经济的膨水比为1∶6。将试验结果应用于该工程的砂卵石地层土压盾构工程实践，掘进效率以及盾构工作的安全性得到显著提高。     

Benchmark study on slamming response of flat-stiffened plates considering fluid-structure interaction

This paper presents a benchmark study on the slamming responses of offshore structures’ flat-stiffened plates. The objective was to compare the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation methodologies, modeling techniques, and established researchers' experiences in predicting slamming pressure. Three research groups employing the most common commercial software packages for numerical FSI simulations (i.e. LS-Dyna ALE, LS-Dyna ICFD, ANSYS CFX, and Star-CCM+/ABAQUS) participated in this study. Wet drop test data on flat-stiffened aluminum plates of light-ship-like bottom structures available in the open literature was utilized for validation of the FSI modeling. A summary of the experimental conditions including the geometry model and material properties, was distributed to the participants prior to their simulations. A parametric study on flat-stiffened steel plates having actual scantlings used in marine installations was performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and plate rigidity on slamming response. The FE simulation results for the total vertical forces acting on the stiffened plates and their structural responses to those forces, as obtained from the participants, were analyzed and compared. The reliable and accurate predictions of slamming loads using the aforementioned commercial FSI software packages were evaluated. Additionally, equivalent static slamming pressures resulting in the same permanent deflections, as observed from the FSI simulations, were reported and compared with analytical models proposed by the Classification Standards DNV and existing experimental data for calculation of the slamming pressure. The study results showed that the equivalent load model depends on the water impact velocity and plate rigidity; that is, the equivalent static pressure coefficient decreases with an increase in impact velocity, and increases when impacting structures become stiffer.     

Vibration analysis of super-yachts: Validation of the Holden Method and estimation of the structural damping

The hull excitation generated by marine propellers constitutes one of the most significant vibration sources affecting comfort on passenger ships. Consequently, the evaluation of the propeller-generated excitation through reliable numerical tools during the preliminary stage of ship design is fundamental. The Holden Method (HM) is an empirical tool utilized to calculate the propeller-induced pressure distribution on a ship hull. The present paper validates the HM, which is applied to a twin-screw, 54-m super-yacht. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to benchmark the HM numerical predictions against a set of full-scale vibration measures. The outcomes show that the magnitude of the propeller-induced dynamic excitation predicted by the HM is overestimated. Thereafter, the calibrated propeller-induced forces and the diesel engine excitation are applied to the FE model to perform a series of forced vibration analyses and estimate the global structural damping coefficient of the super-yacht. The study highlights the necessity of developing new empirical methodologies, analogous to the HM, to be applied to modern small luxury vessels.     

Three-dimensional equivalent static analysis for design of submerged floating tunnel

Stress evaluation of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is an issue important for determining the section dimensions required to resist environmental loads. However, the complex interaction between an SFT and surrounding fluid has confined most research on SFTs to longitudinal global time-history analyses based on Morison's equation [1]. Even though these analyses give sufficient information in the longitudinal direction, too little information about the circumferential direction compels an SFT section to be designed conservatively. This means that SFT design requires additional information on the structural behavior of the tunnel in the circumferential direction for efficient design. Accordingly, a supplementary approach by which to obtain structural responses in the circumferential direction is introduced in this paper. Upon consideration of the static responses equivalent to the dynamic behavior, three-dimensional (3-D) finite-element analyses of an SFT were performed by application of static loads corresponding to dynamic loads equivalent to those of wave, current and earthquake. The validation of each equivalent static load was supported by the results from comparison of the tension forces in mooring lines obtained using OrcaFlex [2] and ABAQUS [3]. These were used mainly for longitudinal dynamic analysis and 3-D stress evaluation, respectively, of an SFT. Based on the stresses obtained in the longitudinal and circumferential directions, the selection of suitable section dimensions for an SFT is considered.     

理化检验样品中铅,铜测定的微波消化条件探讨

报道了利用微波消化检验样品的基本原理，并介绍了利用民用微波炉，聚四氟乙烯高压罐消化样品的操作方法及最佳消化条件。经微波消化的消化液。应用原子吸收法测定其中的铅和铜，并做了回收率实验。测定结果变异系数铜：２．０％－４．５％，铅：２．５％－３．８％。回收率铜９８．０％－９９．０％，铅：９６．０％－９９．５％。     

挤密桩施工装备的研制与展望

既有铁路路基挤密桩加固技术,在广深铁路路基加固工程实施后,取得良好效果。但国内外目前尚未有保证该技术全面推广的工艺装备。2002年挤密桩施工装备研制成功,填补了国内这方面的空白。该套设备包括钻孔机、夯实机和上下道装置,经在京山、京秦线试用,效果良好。本文对挤密桩施工技术基本工艺原理做了简要介绍,就已研制成功的挤密桩施工装备的主要技术参数、结构特点、解决的关键技术、现场试用效果进行了全面阐述,对其发展方向和良好的应用前景做了分析和预测。     

浅埋隐伏型岩溶路基塌陷机理与注浆加固方法

浅埋隐伏型岩溶路基塌陷是地下水水位变化频繁和地层浅部土洞、溶洞发育,岩溶路基塌陷的形成往往 是多种机制综合作用的结果,如地下水位下降形成真空吸蚀作用、地下水潜蚀作用、列车或采石放炮震动作用等, 它威胁铁路营运安全。针对洛湛铁路益娄段岩溶发育特征与规律,利用粘土固化浆液具备施工成本低、工艺简单 易行、堵水防渗及抗震性能好等诸多优势,通过试验确定粘土固化浆液的最佳配比为:粘土粉占20％-45％,水 泥占10％-30％,水玻璃占3％-5％,固化剂1％-3％,粘土原浆漏斗粘度值为30 s,对洛湛铁路浅埋隐伏型岩 溶路基实行溶洞充填注浆和路基水平帷幕注浆并举加固,加固层的厚度一般为5 m左右。实践证明该注浆加固 方法使工程质量得到了很好的控制。     

采用无粘结钢绞线体外预应力加固钢筋混凝土梁板

丹东港大东港区货运码头钢筋混凝土梁板由于超载,下部出现不同程度裂缝。经过研究探讨,采用无粘结钢绞线体外预应力加固法对有裂缝的梁板进行加固处理,实践证明采用该方法缩窄了裂缝,又提高了承载能力,并节省费用。     

港区工程给水系统设计

根据现行给水排水设计规范、海港工程设计手册,对港口码头给水系统设计、系统用水贮水量、水压、水质提出自己的浅见,希望能对港口码头给水系统设计以及系统优化设计起到积极的作用。