一种实用的配电网潮流算法

目前matlab潮流计算程序多是基于输电网开发,而对配电网中潮流计算程序较少开发。配电网由于其特有的辐射性、R／X较大、节点较多的特性,导致用于输电网的潮流计算方法由于收敛性问题并不适用于配电网系统中。针对辐射性配电网的特点,开发了用于配电网潮流计算的matlab程序,该程序采用新的支路选择方法,无需对网络进行复杂的编号,并通过算例验证了程序的正确性。     

Some remarks on the TKIP key mixing function of IEEE 802.11i

Temporal key integrity protocol (TKIP) is a sub-protocol of IEEE 802.11i. TKIP remedies some security flaws in wired equivalent privacy (WEP) protocol. TKIP adds four new algorithms to WEP: a message integrity code (MIC) called Michael, an initialization vector (IV) sequencing discipline, a key mixing function and a re-keying mechanism. The key mixing function, also called temporal key hash, de-correlates the IVs from weak keys. Some cryptographic properties of the substitution box (S-box) used in the key mixing function are investigated in this paper, such as regularity, avalanche effect, differ uniform and linear structure. Moen et al pointed out that there existed a temporal key recovery attack in TKIP key mixing function. In this paper a method is proposed to defend against the attack, and the resulting effect on performance is discussed.     

Theoretical method for predicting the weight reduction rate of a box-type car body for rolling stock by material substitution design

In this paper, a theoretical approach is suggested for predicting the structural performances and weight reduction rate of a car body with a box-type section when its material is substituted with a lightweight material for weight saving. For the material substitution design of a car body for rolling stock, bending, axial, and twisting deformations should be considered at constant stiffness and strength conditions. To compare the weight reduction effects on different material applications, some new indices were derived from a structural performance point of view. The derived indices provide good measures to estimate weight reduction by material substitution design and can be effectively applied to the conceptual design of a car body.     

行政法意义上的非政府组织

非政府组织在行政管理学上有较多的研究,在行政法学上却少有论述,随着政治体制改革的深化,许多管理职能将由政府部门交由非政府组织行使,在这种情况下,我们必须从行政法的角度来研究权力转移的方式和条件,为这种权力转移提供法学依据.     

双甲基脲晶体的线性与二阶非线性光学性质研究

采用平面波赝势方法(PAW)和局域密度近似(LDA)的第一性原理方法计算了双甲基脲晶体的电子结构,采用密度矩阵理论计算了双甲基脲晶体的介电函数和倍频系数,并将二阶非线性光学系数谱的特征峰与介电函数光谱结合起来,按单、双光子共振项进行分析.与尿素晶体的光学性质比较分析表明:双甲基脲晶体的线性与非线性光学性质与尿素相似,并...     

Product substitution and dual sourcing under random supply failures

Product substitution can mitigate supply chain disruptions. However, it may not be very effective without multiple sourcing. In this paper, we consider a supply chain with two downward substitutable products. The products can be ordered from an unreliable supplier or a reliable but more expensive supplier. It is found that in an optimal sourcing policy the higher-grade product should be preferred over the lower-grade product. A sufficient condition is given for an optimal policy where only the higher-grade product is dual-sourced. The effect of substitution is contrasted with the non-substitution case. Numerical study shows the impact of demand variability and correlation on the effect of product substitution and the corresponding optimal sourcing policy.     

非英语专业大学生识别和理解英语语篇中衔接手段的调查研究

文中使用书面测试形式对122名非英语专业一年级大学生掌握英语语篇中衔接手段的情况进行了调查。在分析调查结果的基础上,对衔接手段识别理解能力的培训提出一些建议,以期对学生识别理解衔接能力的提高有所帮助。     

基于滞留费用的空车调配优化方法

在分析当前空车调配过程中存在的问题,以及强调可靠的空车分配计划对于加速货车周转和最大限度地满足客户需求重要性的基础上,研究了铁路空车调配问题。构建了基于货物滞留费用的铁路空车调配多品类整数规划模型,并以空车在分配过程中发生的总走行成本、车种代用成本和客户需求未满足的货物滞留费用之和为目标函数。在空车总体上需求大于供给的情况下,模型充分考虑了车种代用和满足重点货物、重点客户对空车需求的条件,从而能够更好地反映铁路空车运用的实际。通过车种代用和空车源选择,所获得的分配方案能够满足更多客户的装车需求。算例的空车分配结果显示,所构建模型可以用于编制高质量的空车调配计划,这对于缓解当前我国铁路货车总体不足、加速车辆周转、提高货运服务质量等有重要意义。     

技术计划车种代用的重空车辆调配综合优化研究

车种代用现象在我国铁路行业普遍存在,它对技术计划中的空车调配计划以及装卸车计划都会产生一定影响。本文首先阐述国内外近年来的车种代用研究现状,指出车种代用下的空车调配模型存在计算收益不准确和非均衡运输的缺点,通过模型的修正避免了车辆积压。基于时空网络原理,提出车种代用下的重空车调配综合优化模型,模型强调均衡运输,兼顾重空车流接续,以效益最大化为目标。新模型克服了原模型的缺陷。通过两个模型的算例比较分析,新模型在代用策略和优化方案上更优于原模型,对技术计划的编制具有更好的指导意义。     

Relationships Between US Consumer Expenditures on Communications and Transportation Using Almost Ideal Demand System Modeling: 1984–2002

Abstract

This study analyzes aggregate consumer expenditure data from the US between 1984 and 2002, to determine relationships between expenditures on transportation and communications. We first identified 15 categories of goods – nine for transportation, five for communications, and one for all others – and obtained prices for each category across time. Then, we applied the linear approximate almost ideal demand system (AIDS) method for estimating consumer demand functions, aggregating the categories to six (non-personal vehicle (PV), PV capital, PV operation, electronic communications media, print communications media, and all others) due to the small sample size. The results indicate that transportation and communications categories have both substitution and complementarity relationships. The existence of effects in both directions (substitution and complementarity) is testimony to the complexity of the relationships involved, with both generation and replacement possible and happening simultaneously. In addition, expenditures in the transportation categories are generally more income-elastic and price-elastic than those in communications, indicating that communications expenditures are more essential than those for travel. The transportation categories have both substitution and complementarity relationships with each other, while the two communications categories have a substitution relationship.