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ABSTRACTTo date, relatively little is known about the nature of the demand for high-speed rail (HSR) soon after inauguration of the services, despite close to 50-year experience of HSR operation and 17 166?km of HSR network around the world. This is a real lacuna given the scale of HSR construction around the world, the amount of resources committed to it, the desired accessibility, economic and environmental effects associated with HSR development and the relatively poor track record of forecasting demand for HSR services. Focusing on mode substitution and induced demand effects, this review aims to fill the gap in knowledge about the ex-post demand for HSR services in order to facilitate a learning process for the planning of the future HSR network. Although there is not much evidence on the demand for HSR services and existing evidence is largely influenced by route-specific characteristics, a methodological limitation that must be acknowledged, the evidence presented allows a better characterisation of HSR as a mode of transport. The review shows that the demand for HSR a few years after inauguration is about 10–20% induced demand and the rest is attributed to mode substitution. In terms of mode substitution, in most cases the majority of HSR passengers have used the conventional rail before. Substitution from aircraft, car and coach is generally more modest. 相似文献
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��ͬ����ģʽ�»��Эͬ�����Ż����� 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
考虑新老产品市场需求特征差异性引起的生产模式的不同,对不同生产模式下需求发生转移的易逝性新老电子产品的混合协同配送问题进行研究.首先考虑新产品对老产品的单向替代性并由不同的消费者剩余建立含有产品价格的需求函数.根据不同生产模式下响应时间的组成构建混合协同配送函数模型.建立以盈利最大化为目标函数的0-1混合整数非线性优化模型,对不同生产模式下的新老产品的生产、混合配送进行协同优化.最后,通过求解确定新老产品的销售价格、生产规模、配送模式等决策变量. 相似文献
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一个几何不等式的加强 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
刘健 《华东交通大学学报》2007,24(5):153-156
根据一个已知的几何不等式,应用差分代换方法并借助于Maple软件进行计算,证明了下述几何不等式:对△ABC与任意一点P有∑PAw2b w2c≥2(其中wa,wb,wc为△ABC的内角平分线),给出了它的几个推论,提出并应用计算机验证了两个猜想. 相似文献
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信息技术的应用与运输关系的研究 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4
随着交通带来的环境污染和交通事故等外部负效应问题与人类可持续发展理念所产生的冲突日渐激烈,各国都采取了限制汽车污染排放等措施,可是由于此消彼长,最终的总体收效不大.就信息技术的应用与交通出行和货物运输间的促进与替代(或抑制)的关系进行分析,揭示两者之间呈现的复杂关联特征,发现信息技术发展与应用能够缓解交通运输所带来的外部性问题,并就此问题提出下一步深入研究的方向. 相似文献
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某船在厂修理期间,其燃油废气组合锅炉突然发生爆炸,致使该船机舱内部及上层建筑区域损毁严重。文章对该船后期修理的主要流程,以及修理过程中遇到的各类问题和解决方法进行了梳理和总结,为以后类似的修理工作提供参考。 相似文献
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对外贸易是我国经济中的重要组成部分,对我国改革开放以来经济的发展起了极大的推动作用。本文考察近现代以来我国贸易总政策的转变即对外开放以来对外贸易战略的转变。 相似文献
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小管径低压输气管道在低排量下实施内检测,由于介质的可压缩性,通过弯头、跨越处,可能导致检测器的卡堵、停滞,同时瞬间速度波动幅度较大还容易造成数据缺失和检测器损坏,针对以上的问题,通过调整管道背压和替换管输介质的方式,研究了检测器的运行情况,使用自研软件记录检测器的运行速度并与建立的模型结果进行比对,论证了实际运行速度一定程度偏离于理论值,不能准确反映检测器运行状态,在替换介质后检测器获得了稳定工况,成功实施内检测并获取可靠数据。 相似文献
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Bruno De Borger 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2011,45(1):79-95
The purpose of this paper is to study optimal congestion taxes in a time-allocation framework. This makes it possible to distinguish taxes on inputs in the production of car trips and taxes on transport as an activity. Moreover, the model allows us to consider the implications of treating transport as a demand, derived from other activities. We extend several well known tax rules from the public finance literature and carefully interpret the implications for the optimal tax treatment of passenger transport services. The main findings of the paper are the following. First, if governments are limited to taxing market inputs into transport trip production, the time-allocation framework: (i) provides an argument for taxing congestion below marginal external cost, (ii) implies a favourable tax treatment for time-saving devices such as GPS, and (iii) provides a previously unnoticed argument for public transport subsidies. Second, if the government has access to perfect road pricing that directly taxes transport as an activity, all previous results disappear. Third, in the absence of perfect road pricing, the activity-specific congestion attracted by employment centres, by shopping centres or by large sports and cultural events should be corrected via higher taxes on market inputs in these activities (e.g., entry tickets, parking fees, etc.). 相似文献