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鼓式制动器摩擦副压强不均匀性分析与评价 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
定义了鼓式制动器摩擦片压强的两种不均匀度指数,推导了现有的不同机构型式的鼓式制动器的摩擦副压强不均匀度指数的计算公式,并分析了其变化特性。以这两种压强不均匀度指数作为新的评价指标,对各种型式的鼓式制动器进行了评价,揭示了一些型式的鼓式制动器所固有的缺点。提出了改进传统鼓式制动器的技术方向和途径。 相似文献
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参照平整度测量仪的结构及原理,用MATLAB科学计算语言对平整度的测量过程进行了模拟仿真,分析平整度指标与路面状态参数之间的定量关系,并阐述了此项研究对提出新的摊铺机自动找平系统的控制方式,提高路面平整度具有的实际意义与可行性. 相似文献
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Julian Arellana María Saltarín Ana Margarita Larrañaga Vilma Alvarez César Augusto Henao 《运输评论》2020,40(2):183-203
ABSTRACTNumerous methodologies measuring walkability have been developed over the last years. This paper reviews the Walkability Index (WI) literature of the last decade (2009–2018) and highlights some limitations in the current approaches. Only a few studies have evaluated walkability in Latin America, mainly in big cities but not in medium and small-sized cities in the region, which present their own urbanisation dynamics, security issues, sidewalk invasion problems, and poor planning. Furthermore, most WIs in the literature use objective mesoscale variables to assess walkability in a given area. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by generating new evidence from a medium-sized city in Latin America to question if characteristics of the built environment encourage walking trips, as found in the literature, are transferable among regions. The study also proposes a novel index comprised of microscale and mesoscale built environment variables to assess walkability using virtual tools and considering users’ perceptions. The WI estimation relies on ranking probability models. The results of the case study suggest that subjective Security and Traffic Safety are the most crucial factors influencing walkability in these kind of cities, which is different from what is found in the literature from cities in developed countries where Sidewalk Condition and Attractiveness are the most important factors. Security appeared to be strongly associated with a subjective dimension, represented by the fear of crime or perceived risk for crime, instead of the actual occurrence of crimes. This result evidences the importance of the physical attributes of the real world and how they are captured, judged, and processed by pedestrians. Then, regional transferability of WIs needs to be done carefully. Finally, results in this paper highlight the importance of microscale built environment characteristics in the WI formulation in these cities. Results are in line with other research in some cities of the region, which found that microscale variables such as pavement quality and presence of obstacles on the sidewalks are relevant components to promote walkability. 相似文献
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Behrooz Mashadi Hamid Mostaghimi 《Vehicle System Dynamics: International Journal of Vehicle Mechanics and Mobility》2017,55(5):704-724
The modelling and development of a general criterion for the prediction of rollover threshold is the main purpose of this work. Vehicle dynamics models after the wheels lift-off and when the vehicle moves on the two wheels are derived and the governing equations are used to develop the rollover threshold. These models include the properties of the suspension and steering systems. In order to study the stability of motion, the steady-state solutions of the equations of motion are carried out. Based on the stability analyses, a new relation is obtained for the rollover threshold in terms of measurable response parameters. The presented criterion predicts the best time for the prevention of the vehicle rollover by applying a correcting moment. It is shown that the introduced threshold of vehicle rollover is a proper state of vehicle motion that is best for stabilising the vehicle with a low energy requirement. 相似文献
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借鉴定性推理中描述参数的相关方法,首先提出了描述城市快速路各车道交通流同态程度的概念——同态度量指数(Homogeneous Measure Index ,HMI),大量对快速路的实证研究得到的HMI指数反应了不同情况下交通流状态的定性差异。通过对北京环路交通拥堵发生与消散过程的观察和分析,本文发现当交通拥堵发生或消散的过程被触发时,不同车道交通流的同态度量指数HMI会发生定性跃迁变化,并且各车道交通流的同态性变化将是一个“同态 非同态同态”的过程,因此可以利用这一性质,将HMI作为一个指标来对城市快速路交通拥堵是否可能发生进行预警。 相似文献
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中国城市常借鉴国外发展经验来制定城市交通战略,但缺乏对国内外城市交通特征的准确辨析。城市交通特征应反映主动出行者与被动出行者的区别。首先比较广州市与世界级城市的出行方式构成和出行特点,指出广州市的公共交通出行者大多为无驾驶执照或未购置小汽车的人群。针对公共交通出行分担率单一指标的弊端,引入公共交通出行指数与机动化水平来表征城市公共交通发展程度。评价广州市及世界级城市公共交通发展水平,并据此划分9类交通模式。结果显示,广州市公共交通服务水平和机动化水平均处于初级阶段。最后,分析广州市交通模式升级转型的最佳路线及实施策略,指出公共交通出行分担率与机动化水平的矛盾与协调是制定交通发展战略时需要考虑的关键所在。 相似文献