The changing role of decision support instruments in integrated infrastructure planning: lessons from the Sustainability Check

This article draws lessons about recent innovations in decision support for coping with challenges in integrated infrastructure planning strategies. After setting up a conceptual framework for the scope of analysis and the use of information in infrastructure planning, the empirical section explores the introduction of early-stage sustainability assessment tools. Data collection draws on experiences gained in the Netherlands with a new tool: ‘Sustainability Check’. We conclude that such instruments have a number of capacities that address the challenges of area-oriented planning: (a) bringing together information about the comprehensive value of alternatives, (b) facilitating the generation of alternatives, (c) addressing institutional fragmentation by learning about referential frames, and (d) adding contextual perspectives to the ‘hard’ outcomes of conventional tools. We also conclude that tools such as Sustainability Check should not be seen as a replacement for conventional decision support tools, but rather as complementary to them.     

船舶轴系推力轴承油膜刚度与综合支承刚度测量

在船舶推进轴系中,推力轴承刚度常取决于其油膜刚度、轴承及其基座的结构刚度。通常所指的推力轴承刚度只包含油膜刚度。因此文中把既考虑油膜刚度又考虑轴承及其基座的结构刚度综合而成的刚度定义为推力轴承综合支承刚度,进而详细给出了推力轴承油膜刚度与综合支承刚度的测量方法。借助此方法,对实验室一缩比的推力轴承实验台的油膜刚度与综合支承刚度进行了测量,获得了良好的结果。实验表明,推力轴承油膜刚度随转速上升而下降;综合支承刚度随外激励频率上升而下降,在推力轴承—基座共振频率处降为零;低频激励时,油膜刚度与综合支承刚度大小近似相等,此时对轴系的动力学建模可以只考虑油膜刚度;高频激励时,综合支承刚度远小于油膜刚度,此时对轴系动力学建模必须考虑综合支承刚度,只考虑油膜刚度会带来较大误差。实验结果对船舶推进轴系的设计及动力学分析有指导意义。     

在线测量挥发性有机物的膜进样装置-四极质谱仪的设计和应用

论述一种新的采用膜进样装置-四极杆分析器结合用于检测环境中挥发性有机物质谱仪.以聚二甲基硅氧烷(Polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)膜富集系统作为质谱仪采样技术,采用密闭性离子源电离样品,进入四极质量分析器完成定性定量分析,真空系统由离子泵提供.性能测试证明该仪器对苯、甲苯、乙苯的响应时间优于40秒,检测限可以达到100 ppb,线性检测范围优于3个数量级.数据显示膜进样装置与四极质谱仪联用适合定性、定量分析挥发性有机气体,能够广泛应用于环境中VOCs的快速、在线检测.     

Dynamic Evaluation of Reliability and Stability of the Primary Support of a Tunnel北大核心CSCD

The evaluation of the stability of a tunnel’s primary support is a crucial component of ensuring the safety of subsequent construction. In light of the measured clearance displacements of the Wushishan Tunnel, the reliabili-ty of the primary support is evaluated dynamically and the design of the support structure is optimized. The research results show that full displacement and ultimate displacement are two main parameters for tunnel reliability analy-sis: the former can be obtained by positive and negative analysis, and the latter can be acquired by simulating a field measurement of displacement. It is not sufficient to apply the data specified in the code for railway tunnel design re-liability regarding determination of the reliability of a road tunnel structure using reliability theory, and it is neces-sary to use reliability theory to amend the standard of allowable empirical displacement in the Code of Road Tunnel Design. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Bridging the gap between multi-objective optimization and spatial planning: a new post-processing methodology capturing the optimum allocation of land uses against established transportation infrastructure

The optimal allocation of multiple land uses constitutes a complex multi-objective optimization problem with unknown feasible objective space and optimal planning alternatives. Despite the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms to capture the underlying Pareto set of optimum maps, land use planners are bound to pursue the best possible spatial allocation of each use within an enormous population of non-dominated solutions. This article presents a novel post-processing methodology enhancing the comparative evaluation of alternative planning approaches without making any assumptions about the (relative) importance of each objective function. The proposed consolidated post-processing module is applied in a land use planning paradigm, revealing: (a) the existence of substantial planning guidelines whose validity is not affected by the relative significance of each criterion and (b) the variable planning component emerging from the (varying) relative importance of objective functions. Such planning feedback could not be extracted by the exhaustive review of non-dominated maps.     

支座形式对连续折线形斜梁桥力学行为的影响

由于斜向支撑方式不同,斜梁桥与正交梁桥的力学行为存在较大区别.为了研究支座形式对斜梁桥力学行为的影响,以某景观人行天桥为工程背景,采用有限元分析方法对两种支座布置方式下桥梁受恒载和温度荷载作用效应进行研究.研究结果表明:钝角位置支反力更大,锐角位置支反力更小,支座更容易脱空;在温度荷载作用下,斜梁桥支座设置不当,支座承...     

软弱围岩浅埋隧道二衬结构设计探讨

在软弱围岩浅埋地段（特别是洞口段）,为了确保隧道施工安全,通常采用较强的超前支护措施,比如超前大管棚支护、超前小导管注浆等,这些超前工法极大地提高了地层围岩参数,改善了隧道稳定性。但设计中这些地段的二次衬砌结构配筋偏多,材料性能得不到有效利用。结合工程实际,借助数值模拟手段,分析了某隧道衬砌的受力特点并对内力进行检算,发现二次衬砌各截面均有较高的安全储备,墙脚是二衬配筋的控制部位。因此提出降低钢筋直径、增加钢筋间距,适当加长仰拱与边墙部位搭接钢筋的长度等措施,最终可以既减小全断面配筋面积、又充分发挥钢筋的作用效果,数值模拟验证了这一措施具有可行性。     

新冠肺炎疫情下对我国应急交通运输体系的思考及建议

应急交通运输是国家应急管理体系的重要组成部分,但其在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控中暴露出一定程度的不足。为完善我国应急交通运输体系,首先剖析了我国应急交通运输体系存在的问题,即应急物资保障能力不足、重大疫情防控救助措施和手段有待提升、重大疫情联动响应机制尚需优化等;然后,总结了美国和日本应急运输的经验做法;最后,提出完善我国应急交通运输体系的一些政策建议,如进一步完善顶层设计,在交通运输部常设国家应急管理交通运输协调中心,充分发挥交通运输的社会性功能,优化联动响应机制等。     

信息化条件下武警部队防卫作战运输保障浅析

针对信息化条件下协同解放军防卫作战的特点,对武警部队运输保障提出了提高快速机动能力、增强信息综合利用能力、优化组织指挥体系、加强伪装防护能力等四点要求,指出了提高运输保障能力需采取的措施完善预案并加强训练、提高运输保障信息化水平、构建一体化组织指挥体系、运用战法及自身优势增强生存能力。     

沙湾水电站深基坑软基施工工艺优化

沙湾水电站厂房基础为堰塞粉土,覆盖层厚,地形地貌地质条件复杂,基坑深、大.对基坑开挖、支护技术进行了优化;粉细沙层以下采用高喷防渗墙形成阻水帷幕,防止开挖过程出现流土,减小基坑排水量;施工围堰为土工膜防渗土石围堰;基坑边坡以锚喷混凝土护坡为主、排板桩梁支挡为辅的支护形式;并对开挖过程实施安全监控.确保了基坑周围建筑物的施工期安全.