The changing role of decision support instruments in integrated infrastructure planning: lessons from the Sustainability Check

This article draws lessons about recent innovations in decision support for coping with challenges in integrated infrastructure planning strategies. After setting up a conceptual framework for the scope of analysis and the use of information in infrastructure planning, the empirical section explores the introduction of early-stage sustainability assessment tools. Data collection draws on experiences gained in the Netherlands with a new tool: ‘Sustainability Check’. We conclude that such instruments have a number of capacities that address the challenges of area-oriented planning: (a) bringing together information about the comprehensive value of alternatives, (b) facilitating the generation of alternatives, (c) addressing institutional fragmentation by learning about referential frames, and (d) adding contextual perspectives to the ‘hard’ outcomes of conventional tools. We also conclude that tools such as Sustainability Check should not be seen as a replacement for conventional decision support tools, but rather as complementary to them.     

Dynamic Evaluation of Reliability and Stability of the Primary Support of a Tunnel北大核心CSCD

The evaluation of the stability of a tunnel’s primary support is a crucial component of ensuring the safety of subsequent construction. In light of the measured clearance displacements of the Wushishan Tunnel, the reliabili-ty of the primary support is evaluated dynamically and the design of the support structure is optimized. The research results show that full displacement and ultimate displacement are two main parameters for tunnel reliability analy-sis: the former can be obtained by positive and negative analysis, and the latter can be acquired by simulating a field measurement of displacement. It is not sufficient to apply the data specified in the code for railway tunnel design re-liability regarding determination of the reliability of a road tunnel structure using reliability theory, and it is neces-sary to use reliability theory to amend the standard of allowable empirical displacement in the Code of Road Tunnel Design. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

在线测量挥发性有机物的膜进样装置-四极质谱仪的设计和应用

论述一种新的采用膜进样装置-四极杆分析器结合用于检测环境中挥发性有机物质谱仪.以聚二甲基硅氧烷(Polydimethylsiloxane,PDMS)膜富集系统作为质谱仪采样技术,采用密闭性离子源电离样品,进入四极质量分析器完成定性定量分析,真空系统由离子泵提供.性能测试证明该仪器对苯、甲苯、乙苯的响应时间优于40秒,检测限可以达到100 ppb,线性检测范围优于3个数量级.数据显示膜进样装置与四极质谱仪联用适合定性、定量分析挥发性有机气体,能够广泛应用于环境中VOCs的快速、在线检测.     

Bridging the gap between multi-objective optimization and spatial planning: a new post-processing methodology capturing the optimum allocation of land uses against established transportation infrastructure

The optimal allocation of multiple land uses constitutes a complex multi-objective optimization problem with unknown feasible objective space and optimal planning alternatives. Despite the effectiveness of evolutionary algorithms to capture the underlying Pareto set of optimum maps, land use planners are bound to pursue the best possible spatial allocation of each use within an enormous population of non-dominated solutions. This article presents a novel post-processing methodology enhancing the comparative evaluation of alternative planning approaches without making any assumptions about the (relative) importance of each objective function. The proposed consolidated post-processing module is applied in a land use planning paradigm, revealing: (a) the existence of substantial planning guidelines whose validity is not affected by the relative significance of each criterion and (b) the variable planning component emerging from the (varying) relative importance of objective functions. Such planning feedback could not be extracted by the exhaustive review of non-dominated maps.     

缓倾砂岩夹泥岩隧道岩爆段初期支护变形特征及控制技术研究——以蒙华铁路段家坪隧道为例

针对蒙华铁路段家坪隧道岩爆段初期支护在较小变形下发生破坏现象,通过室内试验、超前地质预报、地应力测试等技术手段,分别揭示洞周围岩强度、掌子面前方地质情况和初始地应力状态,同时对初期支护变形破坏特征进行归纳总结并分析成因,得出： 围岩特性、地质构造特征、工法是影响初期支护变形破坏的重要因素,局部水平向高地应力是主因。采取增强支护参数、增设缓冲层、锚杆+加筋底板、加装阻尼器等技术措施控制初期支护变形破坏。研究结果表明： 1）以水平构造应力为主的高初始地应力条件下,若隧道洞身围岩竖向节理发育,开挖宜首选二台阶法。2）拱部及仰拱初期支护混凝土破坏类型为剪压破坏,格栅钢架主筋破坏类型为偏心受压屈曲。3）以水平构造应力为主的高初始地应力状态下,宜根据围岩特性、支护原理及现场实际选择相应的技术措施。     

绞吸式挖泥船加装砂水混合装置改装与应用

针对香港国际机场第三跑道扩建工程吹填料受限、需要用机制砂进行环保施工的要求,对“海洋英豪”绞吸式挖泥船进行适应性改造,在桥架前端加装砂水混合装置,将机制砂与海水在装置内混合,再通过绞吸船的吸砂管输送到泥泵进行远距离吹填,实现环保疏浚。该砂水混合装置可以推广到对吹填转运有高环保要求的施工项目,同时对国内外的环保接力输送具有指导意义。     

护拱回填暗挖法隧道支护结构安全性评价

文章依托九景衢铁路荆生坞隧道工程,介绍了护拱回填暗挖法的施工步序,利用弹性理论推导了护拱与初期支护拱部的围岩荷载分担比例计算公式,采用极限平衡理论建立了边墙处围岩受力模型,推导了初期支护边墙附加围岩压力计算公式,最后通过建立荷载-结构模型,计算了护拱和初期支护的内力、安全系数,评价了护拱和初期支护安全性。结果表明:初期支护围岩荷载分担比例与护拱和初期支护的弹性模量、厚度有关,荆生坞隧道初期支护围岩荷载分担系数约为30%;护拱拱脚竖向压力导致边墙上部围岩沿破裂面滑动,对初期支护边墙上部产生一个水平向的附加围岩压力;九景衢铁路荆生坞隧道护拱回填暗挖段护拱和初期支护均处于安全状态,初期支护安全性随围岩荷载分担系数的增大而略有降低。     

Direct generation of level of service maps from images using convolutional and long short-term memory networks

Congestion in transport stations could result in stampede development and deadly crush situations. Closed circuit television (CCTV) cameras enable station managers to monitor the crowd and reduce overcrowding risks. However, identifying congestion conditions is a very laborious task for a human operator who has to monitor multiple locations at the same time. This paper presents a new approach to automated image-based identification of congestion as measured by level of service (LOS), which is the most widely accepted standard for measuring congestion. Existing methods for measuring LOS based on crowd density estimation from images have the disadvantages that, crowd density cannot be estimated accurately. In addition, the calculation of flow parameters involves a complex process, and consequently these parameters are not indicative of congestion in real-time. This paper proposes a novel method based on machine learning to directly classify LOS without calculating flow parameters. In the proposed method, visual features extracted by a deep convolutional neural network are classified using a support vector machine classifier and the classification results are further refined by using a long short-term memory network. A second contribution of this research is to develop a web-based LOS map visualization platform to monitor pedestrian distribution and variation of distribution in real-time. Experimental evaluation at Flinders Street Station in Melbourne shows that this method can achieve an accuracy of 81.9% and efficiency of 0.40?seconds per frame in LOS classification using CCTV images.     

基于Revit的新奥法隧道初期支护构件参数化建模研究

为推动BIM技术在新奥法隧道设计与施工中的应用,开展隧道初期支护构件的参数化建模研究。通过研究锚杆、小导管、格栅钢架等初期支护构件在隧道设计与施工过程中的特点,利用Revit进行二次开发,研究隧道构件的参数化建模方法,通过改进算法开发一种能够实现初期支护模型快速创建与自动布设的插件。研究结果表明： 通过对Revit进行二次开发,能够显著提高新奥法隧道初期支护构件的建模效率,在实际建模过程中具有很好的应用效果。     

杭州狭长软土基坑支护侧移规律与解析预测方法研究

In order to reduce the influence of deep narrow foundation pit construction on adjacent properties in urban area in Hangzhou, the characteristics of the support wall lateral deflection are analyzed and the corresponding analytical prediction method is proposed. The support wall lateral deflections of the deep narrow foundation pits at Wenyi West Road, Qingchun Station, Qiutao Station, Xingtang Station and Qingnian Station in Hangzhou soft clay are monitored and compared with those of deep foundation pits in Zhejiang and deep narrow foundation pits in Shanghai, Taipei and Singapore. The results show that the maximum support wall lateral deflection of the foundation pit on Wenyi West Road, 0.20%He ~0.25%He, where He is the maximum excavation depth, is close to that in Shanghai(0.15%He~0.41% He), but is smaller than those in Zhejiang, Taipei and Singapore(0.27% He~0.62% He); which is related to the high tangential modulus of Hangzhou soil and small width of the foundation pit. The support wall lateral deflection of the narrow deep foundation pits in Hangzhou can be precisely predicted based on the representative stress strain relationship at site and the modified mobilisable strength design (MMSD) method.