V型墩刚构桥的空间受力分析与体系比选

以上海市奉贤区某跨运河全钢结构V型墩刚构桥为工程背景,利用通用有限元软件ANSYS建立空间板壳模型,对V型墩刚构桥的空间受力特点进行分析,并与常规杆系模型的计算结果进行比较,进而探讨了墩梁固结区受力特性;针对双幅箱梁间不同横梁设置参数,分析了双幅结构的竖向变形协调性等空间受力特性,提出了V型墩刚构桥的构造设计建议;对V墩与基础连接方式进行比选,从经济性、整体刚度等方面进行综合比较,选取合理的结构体系.     

岩层中深埋隧道穿越桩基的竖向安全距离计算

根据岩石力学中的压力拱理论,从理论上推导了岩层中深埋隧道穿越建(构)筑物桩基时隧道顶至桩基底的竖向安全距离的计算公式。该计算公式与隧道围岩级别、围岩物理力学性质、隧道直径、桩基直径、桩基距隧道中心水平距离和桩基底荷载等因素有关。通过南昌地铁1号线的工程实例用理论计算公式计算了隧道顶距桩底的安全距离,并用二维和三维数值模型进行了验证,二维数值计算值与理论计算较吻合,由于空间效应的影响,三维数值计算值约为二维计算值的85%。     

串列双圆柱桥墩局部冲刷精细化模拟

为研究不同墩心距下沿流向串列布置的双圆柱桥墩局部冲刷坑形态的变化规律，提出1种平衡湍流边界层模型以获得稳定的湍流来流边界条件；利用雷诺时均N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型求解河床上双圆柱桥墩周围的复杂绕流场；基于能考虑河床面任意斜坡和泥沙坍塌效应的泥沙输运模型和动网格技术模拟双圆柱桥墩局部冲刷的动态演化过程，得到平衡冲刷坑形态，揭示冲刷发展过程的流动特征和冲刷机理。模拟结果与中美规范局部冲刷预测结果比较表明：串列双圆柱桥墩之间存在干扰效应；受下游桥墩施扰，最大冲刷都发生在上游桥墩，冲刷深度比单圆柱桥墩大，当墩心距L与桥墩直径D之比L/D=4时，达到最大值；而下游桥墩受上游桥墩遮挡的影响，最大冲刷深度在L/D=2时达到最小值，随着墩心距的增大，下游冲刷深度增大；当墩心距大于5倍桥墩直径后，下游桥墩可不考虑遮挡效应；获得的串列双圆柱桥墩最大冲刷深度值与美国规范预测值较为接近，而中国规范公式预测值偏小，提出的下游桥墩冲刷深度遮挡因子可为桥梁抗冲刷设计提供参考。     

混凝土曲线梁桥支座偏心设置分析研究

以一座四跨曲线梁桥为背景，采用单主梁法建立空间有限元模型，对不同中支座偏心距情况下恒载、活载支座竖向反力进行了计算分析。结果显示，支座反力主要受恒载分配的影响，各种偏心距情况下活载反力变化幅度较小。支座偏心设置方法可用于类似桥梁的设计。     

预应力高强混凝土管桩(PHC桩)在衡阳地区的应用

该文分析了衡阳地区桩基础施工工艺现状,介绍了预应力高强混凝土管桩应用条件。结合工程实例,分析了预应力高强混凝土管桩在衡阳地区应用效果,并对施工中存在的问题提出了相应对策。     

An improved headway-based holding strategy for bus transit

Abstract

This paper presents an improved headway-based holding strategy integrating bus transit travel and dwelling time prediction. A support vector machine-based (SVM) model is developed to predict the baseline travel and dwell times of buses based on recent data. In order to reduce prediction errors, an adaptive algorithm is used together with real-time bus operational information and estimated baseline times from SVM models. The objective of the improved holding strategy is to minimize the total waiting times of passengers at the current stop and at successive stops. Considering the time-varying features of bus running, a ‘forgetting factor’ is introduced to weight the most recent data and reduce the disturbance from unexpected incidents. Finally, the improved holding strategy proposed in this study is illustrated using the microscopic simulation model Paramics and some conclusions are drawn.     

基于SVR模型的灌注桩价格估算研究

采用基于结构风险最小化思想的支持向量回归(SVR)模型预测了灌注桩的中标价格.在分析灌注桩的成本动因的基础上,通过历史项目清单预算确定了17个回归自变量,根据历史项目中标价格(因变量)和成本动因(自变量)来估算当前项目价格.利用该模型对福建省某高速公路灌注桩进了行价格估算,并与基于定额的清单预算价格以及多元线性回归估算价格进行了对比.结果表明:估算结果相对于其他两种方法明显接近实际中标价格,采用SVR模型可以大大提高估算的准确性,有效控制造价,提升公路工程造价管理水平.     

系杆拱桥在风压力下吊杆力的非保向效应

研究了系杆拱桥在风压力与拱轴压力共同影响下引起的横向挠曲,同时考虑了吊杆力的非保向共同作用。采用单榀箱形拱肋与结合梁为系梁,以及框架式联结系的双榀系杆拱桥2个算例,对上述影响作出相应的计算,并对箱形拱肋弹性薄板进行局部加劲的优化设计,以提高其稳定性。     

The simulation of in-plane tyre modal behaviour: a broad modal range comparison between analytical and discretised modelling approaches

In-plane tyre modal behaviour determines the response of tyres to ride excitations and braking/traction manoeuvres. In many studies, the interest is limited to relatively low frequencies and a detailed investigation into the ability of models to accurately simulate higher-order responses is unnecessary. In cases where an in-plane model is to be used for the generation of the contact deformation and stresses, or where modal reduction methods are implemented, a detailed knowledge of the modal response is desirable. The present work forms a study on the ability of a number of frequently used modelling approaches to generate realistic modal data throughout a wide frequency range. The analytical ring on elastic foundation model is used as a benchmark throughout the paper. Its predictions are compared with those of two discretised models, namely a truss- and a beam-based model. The sensitivity of the ring’s response to a number of physical parameters is discussed. The results are used to inform the comparison between the analytical ring and the discretised models, providing explanations for any discrepancies observed. The limited applicability of the truss model is pointed out, while the accuracy of the beam-based model is enhanced by a circumferential inextensible string element. Both the ring and the enhanced beam models are further improved with the addition of a nonlinear string-based sidewall that accounts for the change in sidewall stiffness with inflation pressure. The findings may offer a reference when setting up in-plane models, including the stage of planning modal tests for parameter identification.     

对无砟轨道吸声板降噪措施效果的评价与分析

对框架型和双块式无砟轨道结构铺设吸声板前后进行了列车辐射噪声测试，结果表明：在距线路中心线3．75m、于轨面1．5m处，框架型板式无砟轨道结构噪声降低约2dB（A），双块式无砟轨道结构降低约1dB（A），该吸声板的吸声系数在315～3150Hz的中高频段有较好的吸声效果，能够有效吸收列车通过时主要分布在500～4000Hz中高频段的辐射噪声能量，具有一定的吸声效果。并对产生不同吸声效果的原因进行了分析。该测试结果可供铁路建设项目环境影响评价参考和借鉴。