Transportation agencies experiences with decision support systems for airport ground access planning

This article reports on a field investigation into the ways that transportation agencies use quantitative and qualitative information for making strategic decisions regarding airport ground access. The study analyzes the value of this information for planning airport ground access improvements at seven major international airport sites.The major finding of the research is that quantitative modeling for strategic decision support is very difficult, costly and time consuming. Modelers are confident that the models are accurate and reliable but executives generally lack confidence in the results. Transportation officials believe that the information supplied is flawed by a number of defects that minimize its value for strategic decision makers. The information defects described in this article provide an analysis of the structural difficulty of using quantitative modeling for transportation problems of strategic importance. To date, qualitative information is not frequently used, but some transportation agencies are considering its application to designing transportation services. Although this study is limited to airport ground access, the authors feel that this evidence, in conjunction with the evidence from other studies in the transportation area, dictates a need for wariness in the development of decision support systems for transportation planners. Developers of decision support systems for transportation planners must be aware of modeling costs and defects and consider how to improve the timeliness, relevance and credibility of information quantitative models provide transportation executives. Fundamentally it is important to recognize that decision makers tend, either singularly or in concert with other individuals or groups, to be the champions of a long-term vision for the community. When modeling produces inconsistent or wide ranging results that contradict their position, decision makers may not only discard modeling activities, but lose confidence in the models altogether. As a consequence, transportation planners are faced with the challenge of how to improve quantitative modeling. The most reliable and effective means for improvement is incorporation of qualitative techniques which provide greater understanding of customer perceptions and human behavior.     

Trip Chain's Activity Type Recognition Based on Support Vector Machine

This paper focuses on support vector machine (SVM) based trip chain's activity type recognition. First, the time-series location information of person trip is processed to obtain the trip chain elements including moving processes and activities, and the activity options are extracted from the geographic information system (GIS) around the activity sites. Second, the activity features are drawn from spatio-temporal factors of trip chain to serve as the input feature vector of classifier. A SVM based one-to-one classifier is established and the method of one-to-one classifier voting is adopted to decide the most likely activity type from the activity options. Finally, the classifiers are trained with simulation data based on the Gaussian radial basis (RBF) kernel function and the multilayer perception (MLP) kernel function respectively, and then examined by cross validation. The result shows that in the one-to-one classifying scheme, the highest and lowest right recognition rate with RBF are 99% and 62%, and the corresponding results with MLP are 97% and 54%, respectively.     

机车过曲线时的轮缘力计算

提出了曲线上轮轨之间的贴告分为紧贴靠和松贴靠的新概念，通过实例计算了证实，当转向架处于自由位，后轮轴可能处于松贴靠钢轨位，也可能处于不贴靠钢轨位，故其轮缘力不定的为零，最后论述了求解轮缘力的新方法和相应电算法。     

空气动力对弓网接触压力影响的研究

通过对高速运行的受电弓系统进行动态力学分析,建立了动力学模型,应用计算机软件对不同运行速度下的空气抬升力进行了仿真及对比分析,探讨了提高受电弓空气动力性能可采取的措施。     

快速拉格朗日法在锚杆拉拔数值模拟试验方面的运用

为研究主要影响锚杆锚固力的因素、锚杆在拉拔过程中整体失稳的规律等,采用三维显式有限差分法,建立锚杆拉拔数值仿真模型,进行计算机模拟。结果表明:数值模拟计算的结果和现场试验得到的结果基本吻合,表明数值模拟锚杆拉拔过程是可行的;锚杆的拔出过程是逐渐滑移到突然整体失稳的过程;锚杆的锚固效应随着锚固剂与锚杆间的摩擦角、粘结力和浆体有效围压的增加而增强;锚固剂所受的剪切应力分布规律随锚杆拉拔过程而改变,在拉拔初始时,自由端锚固剂处的剪切应力为最大,锚固端处的剪切应力为最小且接近为零,随着锚杆拉拔过程的进行,自由端处锚固剂与锚杆的界面首先达到屈服点,使自由端处锚固剂与锚杆之间产生滑移现象,而后锚固剂所受的剪切应力慢慢呈现均匀分布,并达到最大值(在锚固剂与锚杆的界面上达到屈服),锚杆出现整体失稳;在锚杆的拉拔过程中,锚杆自由端处的变形量最大,从自由端至锚固端,锚杆的变形量逐渐减小;锚固剂的变形规律与锚杆的变形规律相同。     

大轴力桩基托换变形控制值确定

研究目的:桩基托换是基础工程中的一个技术难题,而变形控制又是桩基托换的核心问题.本文简要介绍深圳地铁百货广场大厦下的桩基主动托换,并着重介绍变形控制值的分析确定.研究结果:确定了变形控制值,该控制值下的最大内力,是托换结构(托换大梁、托换桩等)设计的依据,也是托换施工过程动态监测的依据.     

转K1型转向架组装工艺

介绍了转K1型转向架的结构特点和关键技术参数,着重分析了侧架导框的加工、侧架与支撑座板的组焊和转向架的组装工艺等。     

基于视频亚像素模板匹配算法的索力试验

针对索结构的索力测试，基于室内试验对比了计算机视觉方法和传统加速度传感器方法，探讨了计算机视觉方法的适用性。研究采用伺服静载锚固试验机张拉单根斜拉索钢绞线，简化模拟索张拉受力状态，通过相机摄影的非接触测量方法测量拉索动态响应，结合亚像素模板匹配算法识别拉索动态变形、基频和索力，并与传统的加速度传感器测试结果进行对比。研究结果表明，计算机视觉方法识别的拉索振动频谱峰值明显，基频识别结果与加速度传感器测试结果基本一致，索力识别结果与实测值相比最大误差不超过6%，具备开展实际结构索力测试的能力。     

列控系统动态检测计划管理辅助工具的研究与实践

列控系统动态检测计划的编制与管理,贯穿了整个高速铁路列控系统动态检测的全过程,从测试前期的计划编制,到测试过程中计划的改动,再到测试结束后计划的统计、查询。传统的计划管理方法对动态检测序列的管理通常比较分散,不容易查询,提出一种基于Excel VBA实现的高速铁路列控系统动态检测计划管理辅助工具,利用Excel非常强大的数据统计与数据处理能力,实现对动态检测计划的增、删、改、查、核对与输出功能,并通过实践,验证计划管理辅助工具的有效性与可靠性。     

坚持科技创新 为铁路建设又好又快发展提供技术支撑

本文对党的十六大以来铁路建设科技创新的主要成果进行了全面的总结,对其基本经验进行了系统的分析,指出:党的十六大以来,铁道部坚持瞄准世界一流水平,充分发挥铁路后发优势;坚持原始创新、集成创新和引进吸收再创新,走中国铁路自主创新之路;坚持铁道部统一组织,形成联合攻克关键技术的科技创新模式;坚持人才强路战略,造就高素质的铁路科技创新队伍,取得了前所未有的显著成就.高原铁路建设技术达到世界一流先进水平,铁路既有线提速技术跻身世界先进行列,铁路重载运输技术达到世界先进水平,铁路客运专线建设技术取得重大突破,主要客站、大型桥梁、特长隧道、特殊路基等工程设计和建造技术实现重大创新,机车车辆装备现代化取得重大进展,通信信号和信息化技术迈上新台阶,安全技术装备水平大幅提升,环保理念和环保技术取得长足进步.为提升铁路建设科技水平,加快铁路建设现代化进程,增强铁路服务经济社会发展能力,提供了强有力的技术支撑.同时指出了今后铁路科技创新还需加强和完善的方向.其深刻论述将为铁道工程科学技术界今后的工作理清思路、明确目标.本刊特此刊出,以供业界研究.