A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

On the implementation of an auxiliary pantograph for speed increase on existing lines

The contact between pantograph and catenary at high speeds suffers from high dynamic contact force variation due to stiffness variations and wave propagation. To increase operational speed on an existing catenary system, especially for soft catenary systems, technical upgrading is usually necessary. Therefore, it is desirable to explore a more practical and cost-saving method to increase the operational speed. Based on a 3D pantograph–catenary finite element model, a parametric study on two-pantograph operation with short spacing distances at high speeds shows that, although the performance of the leading pantograph gets deteriorated, the trailing pantograph feels an improvement if pantographs are spaced at a proper distance. Then, two main positive effects, which can cause the improvement, are addressed. Based on a discussion on wear mechanisms, this paper suggests to use the leading pantograph as an auxiliary pantograph, which does not conduct any electric current, to minimise additional wear caused by the leading pantograph. To help implementation and achieve further improvement under this working condition, this paper investigates cases with optimised uplift force on the leading pantograph and with system parameter deviations. The results show that the two positive effects still remain even with some system parameter deviations. About 30% of speed increase should be possibly achieved still sustaining a good dynamic performance with help of the optimised uplift force.     

新常态下广东省交通科技创新制度体系总体设计研究

制度创新是科技创新的保障,没有制度创新,科技创新就无从依附。从国家科技体制改革的背景下出发,通过分析国家、地方和行业科技创新政策和广东省交通科技体制的现状,采用基于全生命周期的制度构建方法,设计了新常态下与广东省未来交通科技发展的目标和需求、科技创新主要服务内容、科技创新主体相适应的科技创新制度体系总体构架,为广东省交通行业的科技创新体制改革、激发科技创新活动构建有利的创新制度环境奠定基础。     

热分析动力学研究环氧沥青混凝土的固化条件

采用热分析动力学的方法确定了环氧体系的固化反应为自催化反应类型,利用非线性回归建立了环氧体系的固化反应模型,计算得到环氧体系的反应为1级与n级平行的自催化反应。根据其固化反应模型推算出了不同温度程序下环氧体系的反应时间和反应程度,从而为环氧沥青混凝土的施工以及最终开放交通的时间提供了重要的依据。研究结果表明,温度的升高可以大大缩短环氧体系的固化时间,建议在气温较高的季节进行施工;环氧体系完全固化所需的时间约为固化反应程度达到80%所需时间的3倍。结合马歇尔试验结果可知,当固化反应程度达到80%时,环氧沥青混凝土已具有较高强度,可以开放交通;当外界温度为30℃左右时,约需60 d可以达到80%的固化反应程度,进而可以开放交通。     

基于模型试验的板桩墙支护变形机理分析

在准二维平面应变条件下,运用所研制的深基坑开挖室内试验模型,通过模拟板桩墙支护深基坑在无支撑悬臂式支护、单支撑和双支撑支护等3种支护形式下的开挖,测量出深基坑支护结构的位移、土体表面的沉降及土体位移场的变化,探讨了板桩墙的插入比λ、有无横向支撑及支撑的位置对基坑开挖变形的影响规律,为基坑变形机理的研究及预测提供依据.     

隧道进口段病害处治研究

隧道的进口段和出口段一般处于围岩较弱和容易出现病害的地方,因此对其进行必要的处治是隧道施工的重点环节。     

RAPID MOLECULAR DETECTION OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT S. AUREUS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

Staphylococcus aureus is found in the nose andon the skin of a variety of healthy individuals,andis an opportunistpathogen in patients with loweredhost resistance.The isoxazolylpenicillin (e.g.me-thicillin,cloxacillin,flucloxacillin) have been themainstay of treatment for infection over2 5years.But emergence of antibiotic resistance(MRSA) is aproblem in hospitals due to transmission of epi-demic MRSA strains with antibiotic resistance.Ac-quisition of MRSA continues to be of major con-cern…     

深部极软岩巷道补充锚注加固机理及应用

文章采用有限差分软件FLAC~(2D),对深部极软岩巷道进行辅助锚注支护前后围岩变形破坏规律进行了数值模拟,对锚注支护施作前后锚杆的锚固力、围岩的位移及塑性区的变化情况等进行了系统对比。结果表明,辅助锚注支护显著提高了围岩的强度和承载能力,有效地控制了深部极软岩巷道的围岩变形。     

一种新的炮兵装备维修资源优化配置模型

文章从炮兵装备维修系统的投入产出效率出发,针对文献[4]中资源配置模型的缺点,提出采用锥结构的资源配置双目标DEA模型,并证明了双目标DEA在提高效率方面优于单目标DEA模型的性质,建立了炮兵装备维修资源优化配置模型,最后,通过对一个算例的具体分析表明,利用文中引入的锥结构双目标DEA模型可以对装备维修资源进行统筹安排和合理配置。     

基于 Midas 有限元下的大跨斜拉桥成桥索力优化

为了深化对大跨斜拉桥成桥索力优化问题的认识,根据斜拉桥合理成桥状态的确定原则,阐述各类方法的求解思路与优化过程。大跨斜拉桥成桥索力优化,仅靠一种方法完成索力优化是不够精确的。通过论述斜拉桥合理成桥状态的基本原则,介绍了常用的几种成桥索力优化方法。首先选择最小弯曲能法获得初始索力,并使用影响矩阵法进行二次优化,对成桥索力状态进行叙述。基于大型有限元软件Midas Civil建立斜拉桥模型,以合理成桥状态为控制目标,对背景桥梁成桥索力进行优化。