有限水深复合格林函数的数值计算

有限水深格林函数值的正确求解对处于浅水的海洋结构物运动响应和载荷计算起着非常关键的作用.本文根据海洋结构物的物面对称性,在有限水深复合格林函数表达式的基础上推导出了格林函数偏导数的数值计算表达式,并对格林函数的奇异性进行了分析.采用抛物线积分法对其进行了积分,为有限水深海洋结构物的水弹性分析奠定了基础.计算结果表明,利用抛物线积分法所求得的运动响应与挪威DNV船级社SESAM软件的计算结果吻合得很好.     

船体B样条曲面的数学描述及计算机方法

叙述了三次Ｂ样条曲面的特点、数学描述、船体曲面片的拼接和曲面边界的处理，最后给出船体曲面设计产例，证明所述方法的正确法。     

The winter St. Helena climate index and extreme Benguela upwelling

Climate changes in the subtropical South-east Atlantic turn out to be well described by the St. Helena Island Climate Index (HIX) and observed fluctuations are in good agreement with inter-decadal variability of the entire South Atlantic Ocean. Year-to-year variations of the averaged austral winter HIX (July–September), representative of the main upwelling season, were compared with (i) corresponding averages of the geostrophic alongshore component of the south-east trade wind (SET) between St. Helena Island in the south-west and Luanda/Angola in the north-east, (ii) the meridional distribution of surface waters colder than 13 °C to characterise intense Benguela upwelling (IBU), and (iii) the meridional position of the Angola-Benguela Frontal Zone (ABFZ) determined by means of sea surface temperature images for offshore distances between 50 and 400 km. Temporal changes of these parameters were investigated and showed that the frequency of consecutive years of strong and relaxed Benguela upwelling is characterised by a quasi-cycle of about 11–14 years. It is proposed that the index of the winter HIX may be used as a ‘surveyor’s rod' to describe interannual changes in the Benguela upwelling regime as well as those of the embedded marine ecosystem.     

浅埋暗挖隧道下穿结构物的施工沉降分祈

以北京地铁奥运支线起点（熊猫环岛站）区间隧道下穿健安桥的设计与施工为背景，分析浅埋暗挖隧道穿越地面结构物施工如何有效地控制沉降，探讨施工时应注意的关键环节和采取的措施，以此作为今后类似工程施工的依据和借鉴。     

船体外板加工成型自动检测方法研究

应用水火弯板智能机器人测量加工后的钢板表面数据,采用Ferguson曲面模拟钢板曲面;借助参数样条曲线、空间坐标转换及误差分析理论,分别对加工后的钢板横向和纵向成型,及扭曲进行计算,以判别船体曲面外板成型状态,并提供未成型钢板二次加工所需的补火位置及补火量等信息.算例表明,该方法可对加工后的钢板成型情况作出符合工程要求的判别.     

不锈钢SUS630疲劳断口分析

高速船舶推进轴系为减轻重量,采用高强度合金材料,目前常使用之材料为不锈钢SUS630。对此材料进行了孔蚀试验及疲劳试验,利用电子扫描显微镜就其疲劳断口进行照相,并针对电子扫描照相所获取的图像进行分析。依据图像显示,当无孔蚀发生时,其疲劳断裂原则上遵循疲劳裂纹初始期、疲劳裂纹成长期及疲劳瞬间断裂期三个阶段;但当有孔蚀发生时,其疲劳断裂阶段即无疲劳裂纹初始期,而直接进入疲劳裂纹成长期及疲劳瞬间断裂期两个阶段。因此,当以断口观察来判断断裂原因时,应特别注意。另由电子扫描照相所获取的图像进行分析推算,得知金属材料常数n、C、与疲劳裂纹扩展常数(da/dN)并非固定的常数,随着试验应力大小而变动,针对不锈钢SUS630材质,当ΔK值介于26至46之间时,对于应力幅值不确定时,建议金属材料常数n值取为3及金属材料常数C值取为4.40×10-15。     

水面舰船作战系统效能评估研究

根据水面舰船作战系统的作战任务和武器通道组织，建立了水面舰船作战系统的ADC（系统可用性、可信性、固有能力）效能评估模型。通过给出的作战任务下武器系统的效能计算公式，实现了对水面舰船作战系统效能进行量化评估。     

Assessment of sea surface temperature observational networks in the Baltic Sea and North Sea

The satellite and in situ Sea Surface Temperature (SST) observational networks in the Baltic Sea and North Sea are evaluated based on the quality of the gridded SST products generated from the networks. A multi-indicator approach is applied in the assessment. It includes evaluation of data quality, effective data coverage, field reconstruction error and model nowcast error. The results show that the best available full-coverage SST product is generated by assimilating the SST observations to obtain a yearly mean model bias of 0.07 °C and RMSE of 0.64 °C. The effective data coverage rate is 31% by using AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data from NOAA (National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration) satellites 12, 14 and 16. The data redundancy increases rapidly with the number of infrared sensors. Using either NOAA satellite 12 or all 3 satellites makes a small difference with regard to derived effective coverage and the ocean model nowcast error. The influence of using the in situ SST observations in the SST field reconstruction is negligibly small. Instead, the major role of in situ SST observations is in calibrating the satellite observations. To study the relative importance of data quality and data coverage, an assessment is done for two satellite products: one product is based entirely on NOAA 12 data and has larger coverage but lower quality. The other product is a subset of the SAF products (derived from NOAA 14 and 16) and has lower coverage but higher quality. Based on current monitoring, modelling and assimilation technology, the results suggest that the data quality is an important factor in further improving the quality of the gridded SST products. Recommendations are made for possible further improvements of the existing SST observational networks.     

高铬铸铁抗泥沙磨损性能实验研究

以45钢作为标样,从不同磨损面冲击角对高铬铸铁进行泥沙磨损实验,根据材料性能、磨损实验结果及磨损形貌,分析和对比高铬铸铁和45钢泥沙磨损机理,阐述了高铬铸铁相对耐磨性比较高的原因,为高铬铸铁的抗击泥沙磨损设计提供一定的理论依据。     

近自由表面浅水中水翼超空泡绕流的计算

本文在文献的基础上,对具有自由表面和浅底的水翼超空泡绕流,建立了在映像平面ξ-ψ上考虑重力效应的完整的变分原理。应用这个原理用有限元法能求得稳定收敛的数值结果,为二元水翼具有空泡、充气或遗迹流的水动力学计算开辟了另一新的数值求解的途径。