Studies on the optimization of stern hull form based on a potential flow solver

A hypothesis of the minimum energy of secondary flow, suggested by Bessho, is introduced here. According to this hypothesis, it can be expected that hull forms having frame lines with a minimum energy of secondary flow show less form drag. In the first part of this article, secondary flow energy is evaluated for the cases with and without a free-surface effect, and Bessho’s hypothesis is confirmed for practical hull forms. Then optimization methods for the stern hull form are suggested, in which a nonlinear optimization technique is introduced. Numerical examples are given for a practical tanker hull form and a practical container hull form. From these studies, the suggested optimization method can be confirmed as a simplified and practical design method to the select frame lines of stern hull forms.     

轨道交通高架混凝土结构表面涂装方案的经济技术分析

对轨道交通高架混凝土结构表面涂装方案,从耐久性和景观需求出发分析其必要性,从工程造价、防护效果、使用年限、耐久性等方面对其常用方案进行经济技术分析,并举例说明其在两座城市轨道交通工程中的实践。分析表明:轨道交通高架结构表面涂装主要是基于提高耐久性和城市景观的需求;表面涂装方案应纳入高架景观专题进行经济技术比选;建议选用耐久性使用年限长的涂装方案,其中水性涂料涂装方案施工简单、性价比高、安全环保。     

柴油机尿素SCR氨分布均匀性的试验与模拟优化

在发动机排气温度300℃、排气流量400 kg/h的条件下,测量了尿素SCR催化剂载体前端面的NH3浓度分布.测试结果表明:载体前端面NH3浓度分布均匀性较差,NH3浓度最大值约是最小值的6倍,试验NH3分布均匀性指数仅为0.791.为了提高NH3的分布均匀性,采用CFD软件建立了该SCR系统的流动以及尿素水溶液的喷雾、热解和水解反应等模型,并研究了混合器对NH3浓度分布的影响.模拟结果表明:尿素水溶液喷射后,部分液滴发生撞壁,在排气管直管段大部分液滴集中沿管壁方向运动,进入进口多孔管后液滴分散开,但整体液滴分布不均匀.安装混合器能够使NH3分布均匀性指数和NOx转化效率提高约10％.     

SHS方法制备的锰铁系NH3-SCR催化剂的性能研究和机理分析

为提高传统选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂低温窗口的NO去除效率,运用自蔓延高温合成法(Self-Propagating High-temperature Synthesis)制备了一系列低温锰铁系催化剂.对其在SCR法去除NO中的反应性能进行评价,分析了活性组分和液相点燃温度的影响;利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对催化剂晶型进行表征,并使用原位漫反射傅里叶变换技术(in situ DRIFTS)进行反应机理研究.实验结果表明:MnOx有良好的低温活性,Fe的引入能在改善其N2选择性的同时保持优秀的低温活性;SHS方法制备的该类催化剂的性能随着点燃温度升高而下降;原位分析表明BrΦnsted酸和Le     

内燃机活塞环表面处理技术的发展趋势

阐述了现代内燃机活塞环表面处理技术的发展趋势,并据此提出了建议。     

汽油机燃烧室紧凑性评价参数分析

对燃烧室紧凑性评价参数面容比A/V值进行了分析,讨论了其局限性。提出了新的内燃机燃烧室紧凑性的衡量方法,即面面比S/A,在等容积条件下,进行了各种燃烧室紧凑性及火焰传播距离的比较。     

路面铣刨刀具失效机理与形式分析

对路面铣刨刀具结构组成、切削时象、工作状态和失效机理的进行了简洁的论述。着重分析了刀具正常失效和非正常失效产生的原因．提出了保证刀具正常失效的措施。     

浅埋暗挖地铁隧道施工监测方法

文章以重庆市地铁一号线大坪车站临时施工便道为例,对在浅埋、软岩条件下既有隧道拆除采用工字钢支顶、风镐破岩,新建隧道采用台阶法环形开挖预留核心土、人工非爆破开挖的施工方法,通过现场监控量测,得出最大地表沉降仅为3.82mm,表明采用合理的施工方法可以减少地表沉降。     

含软弱土层边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术

提出了一种用于边坡稳定性分析的全局滑面自动搜索技术,首先采用三角网格进行了边坡土层的几何离散,然后,结合蒙特卡洛法等角/等边逐段扫描与模拟退火法,构建了全套的边坡全局临界滑面搜索扫描算法。以Fortran和Matlab为计算手段进行联合编程,采用简明Morgenstern-Price法进行了边坡稳定性分析计算。通过选用3个算例进行了算法的可靠性验证,计算结果表明:截面三角网格划分方法具有良好的适应性,能较好地对不规则层位几何形状进行离散;多段折线滑面具有较圆弧滑面更为优秀的极限滑面定位功能,其安全系数随着滑面段数的增加会逐步达到收敛;本搜索方法可不依赖于工程师经验进行多段折线初始滑面的大致范围选择,其能快速地、全自动地进行由弱到强不同复杂土质情况的边坡稳定性计算分析,并能找到全局临界滑面与安全系数。     

Sea state estimation based on vessel motion responses: Improved smoothness and robustness using Bézier surface and L1 optimization

Floating structures oscillate in waves, where these wave-induced motions may be critical for various marine operations. An important consideration is thereby given to the sea states at the planning and operating stages for an offshore project. The most important information extracted from a sea state is the directional wave spectrum, indicating wave direction, significant wave height, and wave spectrum peak period. Among several available methods of measuring and estimating the directional wave spectrum, the wave buoy analogy technique based on vessel motion responses is an in situ and almost real-time solution without extra costs of devices. If the forms of the wave spectra are not predefined in the estimation, the method is called a nonparametric approach. Its most remarkable advantage is the flexible form, but the smoothness should be regulated. After the discrete Fourier transform has been applied to the measured vessel motions, smoothing is necessary. However, this process results in disturbed vessel cross-spectra and a lowpass characteristic of the windowing function. This paper presents a nonparametric approach for directional wave spectrum estimation based on vessel motion responses. It introduces novel smoothness constraints using Bézier surface and includes a more robust estimate using L1 optimization. Both techniques are applied to the wave buoy analogy for the first time. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.