极限状态响应面法分析结构可靠度的研究

一般响应面方法由于逼近的是功能函数而非极限状态方程,因而精度有时不高。为克服此不足,提出一种极限状态响应面法。该方法利用位于极限状态曲面上的样本点来重构结构的极限状态方程,因而模拟出的极限状态曲面精度较高。由此提出一种算法,通过逐步修正求解得到的设计点以实现在设计点附近较高精度地逼近结构真实极限状态方程。该方法同时克服了重构极限承载力曲面方法不能适用多个荷载随机变量的缺点。数值算例表明该方法具有较高的精度,适用范围广,而且所需样本点数量少。     

Numerical simulation of wave-induced nonlinear motions of a two-dimensional floating body by the moving particle semi-implicit method

The moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method was applied to compute nonlinear motions of a floating body influenced by the water on deck. To compute the motions of a rigid body, the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface was directly integrated in space and the equations of translational and rotational motions were integrated in time to determine the correct position of the rigid-body surface at each time step of the time-domain calculation. The performance of this method was validated through a comparison with measured results in an experiment that was newly conducted using a model of a box-shaped floating body with a small freeboard. Although the overall agreement was good, some discrepancies were observed for a shorter wave period, especially for the drift motion in sway. The effect of numerical resolution on the results was checked by changing the number of particles. With a higher number of particles, no obvious improvement was seen in the global body motions, but the resolution of the local free-surface profile, including the water on deck, was improved.     

爆炸消除焊接残余应力的数值模拟

焊接残余应力及其控制技术是重大工程结构物(例如反应堆、潜艇等)建造中关注的核心问题之一。爆炸法消除残余应力是近年来发展起来的高效、低成本的1种新技术,但对其机理的研究仍然相当缺乏。本文利用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对爆炸消除焊接残余应力技术进行了数值模拟,同时考察了焊缝中夹杂的裂纹缺陷对爆炸载荷的响应。研究对象为70 mm厚的超厚钢板对接焊缝,焊接坡口为X型。本文主要完成了以下2项研究工作。1)将盲孔法测得的焊接残余应力分布预置到模型中,计算了爆炸载荷作用下不同布药方式时焊接残余应力的再分布,并将其与对应的实测结果进行比较。研究结果表明,金属材料的塑性流动是爆炸消除焊接残余应力的根本因素。2)在模型的焊缝区引入面状裂纹来表征焊缝中的凝固裂纹,利用ABAQUS用户自定义子程序开发的基于虚拟裂纹闭合法的三维断裂单元,计算能量释放率对爆炸载荷的响应。研究结果表明,爆炸载荷并不一定会导致裂纹的扩展。因此,本文的研究方法和结果对于爆炸消除焊接残余应力在工程应用领域具有指导意义。     

墩式码头波峰面高度试验研究

通过波浪物理模型试验,研究了圆沉箱墩柱式码头单墩、群墩的波峰面高度变化规律,提出圆沉箱墩柱式码头最大波峰面高度的计算经验公式。研究结果表明,波峰面高度与波高、墩距、墩径、波长、波浪入射角均相关。研究的成果对于开敞式圆沉箱墩柱码头的码头面高程确定具有很好的参考价值。     

基于DES监控理论的滑行道对头冲突控制策略

为克服场面开环控制模式难以应对随机事件的缺陷,提出场面运行闭环控制框架.基于DES(离散事件系统)监控理论,研究A-SMGCS(先进机场场面引导与控制系统)滑行道对头冲突控制,建立了面向滑行道物理布局的扩展受控Petri网模型.利用航空器滑行路径序列得到精简滑行模型,并考虑环路和环路链,给出无对头冲突的充分必要条件,提出了滑行道对头冲突避免控制策略以及相应的控制律决策算法.算例仿真试验表明,本文提出的策略能根据场面状态实时识别对头冲突并实现冲突避免.     

往复式压缩机气阀密封面失效分析

气阀是压缩机中发生故障最频繁的部件,故障会直接导致机组排气压比失调、排温高等现象,很大程度上影响企业安全生产及设备的使用寿命.文中对压缩机气阀结构及其故障特征进行了简要阐述,并通过实例分析气阀的故障特征,结合HYSYS计算出工艺气压缩过程中的各组分相图,分析了压缩工艺中气带液的产生过程,总结概括了压缩机气阀密封面失效的...     

边坡滑动面三维空间有限元分析

提出了一种用三维潜在滑移面法分析三维边坡滑动面及稳定性的新方法,该方法根据弹塑性有限元的应力分析结果,用数值积分方法确定边坡的潜在滑移面、最危险潜在滑移面和边坡稳定性安全系数,具有充分的理论依据。通过对大量三维边坡实例的稳定性安全系数及最危险滑动面的分析得出,三维边坡按平面边坡处理会引起较大的分析误差,三维边坡应该按三维问题进行分析。     

Analysis on Ground Surface Deformation and Influence of Construction Parameters Caused by Two Different Shield Machines in Double-tube Tunnelling北大核心CSCD

Based on a shield-driven running tunnel project of Hangzhou Metro Line 2, this paper carries out field measuring of the ground surface deformation caused by two different shield machines in double-tube tunnelling in soft soil areas, obtains the laws of the surface deformation caused by shield-driven double-tube tunnelling and verifies the applicability of the modified Peck formula to double-tube tunnelling. The results show that in soft soil areas the impacts on ground surface deformation caused by different shield construction parameters in the previously and subsequently excavated tunnels are different, while the surface deformation changes sharply before and after the shield machine passing through the cutting face, and a rebound phenomenon occurs when the shield tail passes through the cutting face due to the influence of the grouting; The cutterhead torque of the shield machine in soft soil areas can be composed of five calculation factors, and the calculation results are in good agreement with the measured values. The larger the opening rate of the shield cutterhead is, the larger the average torque value will be, the higher the percentage of large ground loss rate will be, and the larger the maximum ground surface settlement will be; The ratio of cutterhead torque T to mucking volume per ring Q is used as the control parameter for analyzing the ground surface settlement, and a certain positive correlation between the ratio and the surface settlement value is determined, the smaller the cutterhead opening rate is, the more accurate the fitting results will be. © 2022, Editorial Office of Modern Tunnelling Technology. All right reserved.     

上海地铁轨面接触疲劳裂纹伤损的产生、影响及防治

随着上海地铁运营年限的不断增加,系统设备也不断老化,特别是钢轨的伤损越来越频繁.对上海轨道交通1号线钢轨伤损的类型特点进行了分析,并依据其特点对1号线自1999年来发现的伤损钢轨进行了统计.在众多的钢轨伤损中,轨面裂纹伤损非常严重.运用轮轨接触力学分析了轨面裂纹伤损产生及发展的主要原因,并提出了防治措施.     

汽车车身曲线曲面光顺处理系统的建立和应用

本文根据车身设计实践中对曲线曲面的要求建立了光顺处理的判别准则。以最小能量法为数学模型的基础,建立了车身曲线曲面计算机辅助光顺处理系统。该系统可以对一组曲线(面)连续地进行光顺处理、光顺性评价及其作图,具有较强的人机交互功能,运行可靠。本文所采用的方法及所建立的系统同时适用于其它行业(如飞机、船舶等)曲线曲面的造型设计。