城市轨道交通项目可持续性概念研究

介绍了城市轨道交通项目可持续性的研究现状,阐述了研究的意义,并在分析城市轨道交通项目特点的基础上,对其可持续性概念进行了剖析,重点研究了城市轨道交通项目可持续性的外延、核心、本质特征、内涵和影响因素等内容。     

Feedback control speed harmonization algorithm: Methodology and preliminary testing

The capacity drop phenomenon, which reduces the maximum bottleneck discharge rate following the onset of congestion, is a critical restriction in transportation networks that produces additional traffic congestion. Consequently, preventing or reducing the occurrence of the capacity drop not only mitigates traffic congestion, but can also produce environmental and traffic safety benefits. In addressing this problem, the paper develops a novel bang-bang feedback control speed harmonization (SH) or Variable Speed Limit (VSL) algorithm, that attempts to prevent or delay the breakdown of a bottleneck and thus reduce traffic congestion. The novelty of the system lies in the fact that it is both proactive and reactive in responding to the dynamic stochastic nature of traffic. The system is proactive because it uses a calibrated fundamental diagram to initially identify the optimum throughput to maintain within the SH zone. Furthermore, the system is reactive (dynamic) because it monitors the traffic stream directly upstream of the bottleneck to adjustment the metering rate to capture the dynamic and stochastic nature of traffic. The steady-state traffic states in the vicinity of a lane-drop bottleneck before and after applying the SH algorithm is analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in alleviating the capacity drop. We demonstrate theoretically that the SH algorithm is effective in enhancing the bottleneck discharge rate. A microscopic simulation of the network using the INTEGRATION software further demonstrates the benefits of the algorithm in increasing the bottleneck discharge rate, decreasing vehicle delay, and reducing vehicle fuel consumption and CO₂ emission levels. Specifically, compared with the base case without the SH algorithm, the advisory speed limit increases the bottleneck discharge rate by approximately 7%, reduces the overall system delay by approximately 20%, and reduces the system-wide fuel consumption and CO₂ emission levels by 5%.     

Sustainability Assessment of Transport Infrastructure Projects: A Review of Existing Tools and Methods

Abstract

Attempts to integrate sustainability in the decision-making process for transport infrastructure projects continue to gain momentum. A number of tools and methodological frameworks are available — such as rating systems, traditional decision-making techniques, checklists, and different evaluation frameworks and models. While these tools are highly valuable, some practical issues remain unsolved. There is also a need for more standardized tools to appraise the sustainability of transport projects. This paper is a presentation of a review on the current assessment tools of sustainability applied to transport infrastructure projects. The preliminary part of the paper is an explanatory and comparative analysis of the tools and methods in terms of their effectiveness to appraise sustainability. The analysis is a critical evaluation of the current state of the art to identify the limitations of existing approaches, point out new areas of research, and propose a sustainability appraisal agenda for the future.     

从供给质量及环境持续性的观点来微观分析购物中心布局研究

本研究的目的在于从供给质量及环境持续性的观点来评价一个城市的购物中心的布局。为了分析每一个住宅所亨受到的供给质量及每一个购物中心的环境可持续性，本文以GIS为基础进行了微观分析，在此基础上采用AHP方法从几个可能的布局中选出了最佳的布局方案。本研究提出了评价及优化购物中心布局的方法。     

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随着社会经济的快速发展，北京市居民出行需求日益增长,机动车辆拥有量也随之迅猛上升。北京市1986年和2000年的居民出行调查结果表明，在过去的15年内，居民交通出行模式发生了变化，公交出行比例比原来略有减少，主要的变化是原来的自行车出行这部分中，有很大一部分转变为机动车出行。本文通过对类似规模的几个国际大都市交通出行结构演变过程的回顾，找出其关键之处在于采用政策策略促使居民出行选择有利于城市可持续发展模式；根据广泛调查和专家资讯，确定了一个北京城市交通出行各种方式的合理比例，作为发展目标；并参考发达国家和一些快速发展的国家和城市的经验，提出了达到这个目标的对策和策略。     

渝长高速公路可持续发展能力分析

随着高速公路的大规模建设,2005年我国高速公路通车里程突破4万km,其在社会经济发展中作用日益凸显,如何保证高速公路持续、稳定的运营,以满足不断增长的交通运输需求就显得尤为重要.应用目标持续性评价的理论方法对渝长高速公路的可持续发展能力进行了分析,有助于确保项目在运营期内提高质量的运输服务.     

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为了准确地反映城市交通网络布局、人口分布和职业分布等因素与交通行为之间的相互影响机制,同时考虑到发展中城市交通调查数据的完整性和准确性相对较差,首先建立了一种新的交通需求反馈模型,并对其进行改进,进而形成了一种新型集成模型。通过基于同一套发展中城市交通调查数据对不同模型进行参数标定以及对标定结果进行比较分析,本文得出结论：与被广泛应用的传统四阶段模型相比较,新的反馈和集成模型的标定结果的准确性有了明显提高。随后,根据新型集成模型的标定结果,本文又以富有代表性的发展中城市区域,即印度尼西亚的雅加达首都城市圈作为研究对象,对该区域将来的城市和交通可持续发展政策进行了探究。研究结果表明：随着对城市人口增长的控制、城市道路的建设、公共交通设施的不断完善,多副都心发展模式将成为该地区未来可持续发展的城市形态。     

Container terminal employees’ perceptions of the effects of sustainable supply chain management on sustainability performance

ABSTRACT

Sustainability has become an important issue in container terminal operations. However, relatively little research has been conducted to assess its association with sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). In this study, SSCM consists of internal sustainability practices and external sustainability collaboration. We empirically examined the effects of internal sustainability practices and external sustainability collaboration on sustainability performance in container terminal operations at the Port of Kaohsiung in Taiwan. We developed a model adopting the SSCM construct, which consisted of two dimensions: internal sustainability practices and external sustainability collaboration. Several research hypotheses were formulated from the theory and the hypotheses were tested using survey data collected from 141 employees who worked with container terminals. We found that internal sustainability practices and external sustainability collaboration positively affected sustainability performance, whereas external sustainability collaboration had a positive influence on internal sustainability practices. There is a discussion of the implications of these findings for developing sustainability and improving sustainability performance in container terminals and ports.     

基于城市交通可持续性的客运结构优化模型

基于社会可持续性、经济可持续性和环境可持续性3个方面的交通可持续性,以交通系统的社会效率最大化和交通系统内部成本以及环境影响最小化为约束,构建城市客运交通结构优化模型并进行优化,并利用多目标规划中的理想点法求解模型。以成都市为例,验证了模型的可行性与正确性,优化后的客运结构体现了城市可持续交通的发展目标。     

创建"城市轨道交通学"的可行性探究

以目标和问题为导向,从我国城市轨道交通的战略性及复杂性入手,说明靠传统的工程思路解决问题的低效性,以及用新型的系统观念解决问题的有效性,继而在业内首次提出为实现城市轨道交通发展的更高质量、更可持续,有必要创建一门全新的交叉学科"城市轨道交通学"。随后,对创建"城市轨道交通学"的可行性,从国家学科设置管理、创建学科"三要素"及内外部条件进行了全面分析。最后,对城市轨道交通学的知识体系及创建路径,提出了初步设想,并重点论述坚持系统观念作为"城市轨道交通学"的方法论具有其理论合法性和实践合理性。期盼本文关于城市轨道交通学的知识体系及创建路径,能为行业提供一种思考方向。