Validation of an agent-based building evacuation model with a school drill

An effective evacuation of buildings is critical to minimize casualties due to natural or anthropogenic hazards. Building evacuation models help in preparing for future events and shed light on possible shortcomings of current evacuation designs. However, such models are seldom compared or validated with real evacuations, which is a critical step in assessing their predictive capacities. This research focuses on the evacuation of a K-12 (kindergarten to 12th grade) school located within the tsunami inundation zone of Iquique, Chile. An agent-based evacuation model was developed to simulate the evacuation of approximately 1500 children and staff from the school during a global evacuation drill carried out for the entire city. The model simulates the motions of heterogeneous human agents, and the simulations were validated using video analysis of the real event. Resulting error estimations between predicted versus measured flow rates and evacuation times are 13.5% and 5.9%, respectively. The good agreement between the simulated and measured values can be attributed to the known distribution of students and staff at the start of the drill, and their known exposure to emergency preparedness protocols. However, the results presented herein show that this mathematical evacuation model can be used for logistical changes in the emergency planning.     

京沪高铁旋挖钻钻孔施工技术

结合在京沪高速铁路天津特大桥钻孔桩的施工经验,阐述了旋挖钻的钻孔原理、钻孔施工工艺、成孔检测和常见的钻孔异常情况的处理,提出旋挖钻机施工的质量控制措施,以期提高旋挖钻机施工质量。     

大风浪中船舶抗风浪航法浅议

本文通过分析大风浪天气对船舶航行安全的影响，探讨了避航、锚泊避风、迎风行驶、顺风行驶等航法，以及在大风浪中掉头的方法。     

苏通大桥北主墩钻孔平台施工技术探讨

笔者针对苏通大桥水深流急的工况,总结了该桥施工时放弃传统钢管桩支承平台方案,直接利用钢护筒作为承力构件,通过使用悬臂式定位导向架进行平台施工的这一特点,为保证该桥质量,缩短工期提供了重要条件.     

摆动活齿传动的动力学模型

以单个活齿受力为基础，分析了单排及双排结构摆动活齿传动机构的受力状态．将解超静定问题的位移法与机构动态静力分析方法相结合，以活齿微位移为基础建立变形协调方程组，推导了单排及双排结构摆动活齿传动机构的动力学模型．算例的计算结果表明，用推导的模型计算的受力状态符合活齿受力趋势的理论分析．     

转向器摆振成因与消除方法探讨

详细地介绍了造成转向器摆振的主要因素和辅助因素。在对主要因素进行了定性和定量分析的同时,对主要故障的诊断和消除方法也作了介绍。     

在不锈钢316上钻微小孔的难点与对策

针对不锈钢微小孔加工的特点,对整个加工过程中主要相关因素进行了分析,总结出了一种较简便的,切实可行的不锈钢微小孔加工方法。     

(70+125+70)m跨铁路转体连续梁桥设计

共安大桥主桥上跨昌九城际、京九铁路,采用(70+125+70)m预应力混凝土连续梁,对桥位和桥型确定、桥梁结构设计和计算参数选取,以及转体施工方案进行介绍。采用有限元软件桥梁博士对桥梁结构进行纵向计算分析,结果表明结构强度、应力、位移等均满足设计规范的有关规定。     

客车骨架矩形管双面钻孔设备研制

简要介绍客车骨架用矩形管自动化钻孔设备的开发方案及结构设计,并通过小批量使用进行了验证.     

自升式钻井平台钻台结构强度分析

钻台是自升式钻井平台的核心部分,其上布置有众多的钻井设备和结构。因此,钻台结构的强度符合要求是保证钻探作业安全开展的必要关键因素,对其结构强度进行研究十分有必要。以某375英尺自升式钻井平台的钻台结构为研究对象,考虑远洋拖航、作业和风暴自存三组主要工况,根据ABS MODU合理的选取与计算载荷,利用有限元软件MSC Patran/Nastran进行建模、计算及后处理。探讨了环境载荷与作业载荷的计算与施加方法,探究了钻台的结构强度分析方法并对其强度进行校核,为钻台结构设计提供指导。