Real time detection of driver attention: Emerging solutions based on robust iconic classifiers and dictionary of poses

Real time monitoring of driver attention by computer vision techniques is a key issue in the development of advanced driver assistance systems. While past work mostly focused on structured feature-based approaches, characterized by high computational requirements, emerging technologies based on iconic classifiers recently proved to be good candidates for the implementation of accurate and real-time solutions, characterized by simplicity and automatic fast training stages.In this work the combined use of binary classifiers and iconic data reduction, based on Sanger neural networks, is proposed, detailing critical aspects related to the application of this approach to the specific problem of driving assistance. In particular it is investigated the possibility of a simplified learning stage, based on a small dictionary of poses, that makes the system almost independent from the actual user.On-board experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach, even in case of noise and adverse light conditions. Moreover the system proved unexpected robustness to various categories of users, including people with beard and eyeglasses. Temporal integration of classification results, together with a partial distinction among visual distraction and fatigue effects, make the proposed technology an excellent candidate for the exploration of adaptive and user-centered applications in the automotive field.     

Influence of some vehicle and track parameters on the environmental vibrations induced by railway traffic

A study is performed on the influence of some typical railway vehicle and track parameters on the level of ground vibrations induced in the neighbourhood. The results are obtained from a previously validated simulation framework considering in a first step the vehicle/track subsystem and, in a second step, the response of the soil to the forces resulting from the first analysis. The vehicle is reduced to a simple vertical 3-dof model, corresponding to the superposition of the wheelset, the bogie and the car body. The rail is modelled as a succession of beam elements elastically supported by the sleepers, lying themselves on a flexible foundation representing the ballast and the subgrade. The connection between the wheels and the rails is realised through a non-linear Hertzian contact. The soil motion is obtained from a finite/infinite element model. The investigated vehicle parameters are its type (urban, high speed, freight, etc.) and its speed. For the track, the rail flexural stiffness, the railpad stiffness, the spacing between sleepers and the rail and sleeper masses are considered. In all cases, the parameter value range is defined from a bibliographic browsing. At the end, the paper proposes a table summarising the influence of each studied parameter on three indicators: the vehicle acceleration, the rail velocity and the soil velocity. It namely turns out that the vehicle has a serious influence on the vibration level and should be considered in prediction models.     

鲁尔泵振动问题的原因分析与处理

针对输油站使用的鲁尔ZLMIP型泵振动问题,经过现场实际运行情况的调研,搜集整理日常维修作业中发现的问题,找出了造成泵振动的主要原因,具体对泵转子的动不平衡、机组同心度、滑动轴承、泵体内压力脉动等影响泵振动的主要因素进行认真分析,并逐一进行整改跟踪,提出了解决方案并进行了现场落实,解决了泵的振动问题,实现了泵的正常运转。     

Prioritization of failure risk in subsea flexible pipes via data envelopment analysis

Risk-based inspection is nowadays the predominant approach to structural integrity assurance in complex engineering systems, such as those designed for and operated in deepwater environments. One of the major tasks in risk-based planning is risk ranking of the components comprising an engineering system. In this paper, a mathematical model based on data envelopment analysis is developed for this purpose, whereby two types of weights are employed: subjective judgmental weights which are provided as input, and objective which constitute the output of the model. The use of the mathematical model is illustrated in a real world system of subsea flexible pipes, which operational in the south Atlantic Shelf off the Southeast Coast of Brazil.     

西南地区山岭隧道自动化变形监测技术的效益分析

为了更好地指导山岭隧道变形监测技术选用，提高监测效率并节约成本,从技术和经济效益2个方面对比分析人工监测和自动化监测，阐述各监测方式的技术性和经济性特征，总结不同应用条件下应优先选用的监测技术类型，并提出一套可行的变形监测技术选用程序。研究成果可为现阶段西南地区隧道工程变形监测技术类型选用提供参考。     

基于AHP的道桥建设最佳顺序决策计算

在城市交通建设规划中桥梁对区域经济发展的带动及交通出行带来重要的影响，而对于一定规划期内即将建设的多道桥，采取怎样的顺序才能达到建设的最大收益。文中建立了用于规划中的多道桥最佳建设顺序的层次模型，给出了多目标模糊决策的数学模型。确定了各种影响因素的模糊录属度函数，应用层次分析方法确定了各个影响因素的权重。并以兰州市为例提出了应用多目标模糊决策的方法来实现在多种模糊因素影响下的桥梁建设最佳顺序分析。     

逆向工程技术在检测分析和建模中的应用

利用三维测量仪ATOSⅡ测量系统、点云处理软件Surfacer、三维建模软件UGNX3．0等，以设计效果图的油泥造型或现成实物为对象，结合逆向工程和工业设计特点，对逆向工程速成型在工业设计中的检测分析和建模问题进行了探讨和研究。逆向工程技术已经广泛应用到新产品的开发、旧零件的还原以及产品的检测中，它不仅消化和吸收了实物原型和油泥模型，还能修改再设计以制造出新的产品。     

对舰载信息系统数据融合攻击分析

针对对舰载信息系统的攻击，分析了系统的易损性，提出对数据融合系统的攻击类型，给出了攻击矩阵，并对攻击效果作了简单定性分析。     

基于定量分析的城市轨道交通与土地利用一体规划研究

随着城市化进程的加快,大都市交通拥堵现象日益严重,规划建设城市轨道交通已经成为许多城市解决交通拥堵、促进经济发展的迫切需求。城市轨道交通建设与城市土地利用是互馈关系,文章介绍3种定量研究方法,在定量分析的基础上,探讨了轨道交通车站、线路和线网的定量一体规划,最后提出轨道交通与土地利用定量一体规划以点、线、面分级考虑的一些建议。     

U71 Mn 50 kg·m-1普通碳素钢钢轨疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验研究

根据室内对U71Mn50kg·m-1普通碳素钢钢轨按三点弯曲标准进行的试验,测定该钢轨的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,即裂纹扩展深度a及其对应的循环次数N值。利用中值法求得裂纹扩展深度对循环次数的微分值。根据断裂理论求得相应的裂纹前沿应力强度因子幅度ΔK。根据Paris公式,对以上两值取自然对数进行线性回归分析,确定该公式中U71Mn50kg·m-1普通碳素钢钢轨疲劳裂纹扩展速率的两个材料常数C为3 8771×10-12,m为3 6343。