HX_D3B型机车动力学试验问题的分析及解决方案

针对HXD3B型机车动力学试验中出现脱轨系数和轮轴横向力超标的问题进行判断与分析,认为与二系钢簧挠度过小有关,导致机车在试验中机车动力学性能对车钩力较为敏感;通过动力学计算分析,提出了机车自稳钩力评价的办法,通过改进弹簧设计解决出现的问题。     

基于舰船噪声小波包重构子带权重系数的确定方法

文章采用了一种基于小波包分解与能量特征提取的时频域综合分析方法。使用小波包来对舰船噪声进行分解,求取小波包子带系数能量百分比构建子带能量的特征向量,以此作为权重系数,对分解的舰船噪声的各个子带进行加权重构,并将重构信号与原始信号进行时频域比较分析。通过对大量的舰船的实录噪声进行分解重构实验表明,使用此方法重构后的噪声较原始信号特征更为明显,有更强的类别可分性。     

潜堤透浪系数的试验研究

通过物理模型的试验模拟,研究并分析了影响透射系数的各个因素(包括相对淹没水深、相对堤顶宽度、波陡),给出了各种因素组合下透射系数的变化规律。将试验值与前人公式计算值进行比较,并分析数据的差异及原因;分别拟合了规则波及不规则波情况下潜堤透射系数公式。     

关于围护结构传热系数及特征值的分析和讨论

通过分析围护结构传热系数存在的非限定缺陷以及由此造成的工程问题,提出了一个基本能合理表征围护结构传热及节能特征的参量,即围护结构热阻,它完全避免了由外环境条件变化而引起的设计和检测中的不一致性问题.同时对K值、K限值以及特征值R值之间的内在关系进行了表述.     

考虑粘性影响的单体复合船型的运动预报

给出一种考虑粘件影响的单体复合船型运动预报的数值方法.基于RANS方程和VOF方法的非定常粘性数值方法计算了带叶半潜体的单体复合船型首部横剖面作微幅振荡时的水动力系数.计算中采用RNG κ-ε湍流模型,用有限体积法对流体域进行离散,网格划分采用分块结构化网格,并结合动网格技术.采用RANS方法计算了复合船型组合附体的升力系数.采用计算所得的水动力修正系数,应用STF切片法和二维半理论预报某一单体复合船型在规则波中的纵向运动响应,结果反应出的复合船型的减摇效果与试验值符合较好.计算结果表明组合附体的粘性效应不可忽略,文中提供的方法可提高这类单体复合船型的运动预报精度.     

基于横向安全距离模型的主动避障算法

现有的安全距离模型是基于纵向相对车速或减速度值建立的,没有考虑移动目标的横向运动特性。本文利用移动目标横穿马路的速度、相对位置,建立横向安全距离模型,并提出一种基于横向安全距离模型的主动避障算法。首先,根据横向移动目标横穿马路的速度、相对位置和自车的制动距离建立横向安全距离模型,设计主动避障算法。接着,为计及路面条件对制动效果的影响,引入当前行驶路面估算的附着系数峰值估算最大制动减速度,约束目标避障减速度,并调整制动强度,以适应不同路况的安全避障行驶。最后,以典型横向移动目标-骑行者作为研究对象,通过PreScan/Simulink/CarSim联合仿真验证避障算法的有效性。结果表明:基于横向安全距离模型的主动避障算法能有效避免与骑行者碰撞,提高行车的主动安全性。     

淤泥质土封闭作用下侧压力试验研究

天然软土上覆的硬壳层对其下的软土具有封闭作用,会改变其下软土层侧压力分布及传递规律。为探究封闭作用下淤泥质土侧向土压力特性,通过模拟3种不同工况的室内试验,研究含水率、加载方式、硬壳层完整性对侧压力竖向分布规律,侧压力系数及横向传递特性的影响。试验结果表明:侧向土压力沿深度呈上段抛物线、下段近似直线的半抛物线形分布,其半抛物线趋势受含水率、荷载等级的影响;侧压力系数在一定范围内随深度增加,之后趋于稳定,受含水率影响不大。该结果证明,封闭状态下淤泥质土侧向受荷性能具有类似流体的性质,从工程安全角度考虑,设计时可将封闭状态下淤泥质土侧压力系数取为1。同时,硬壳层完整性对淤泥土中应力传递具有一定影响。     

基于GA-BP神经网络的汽车空气阻力系数预测研究

针对整车空气动力性能开发中数值计算耗时长的问题,提出一种基于GA-BP神经网络的汽车空气阻力系数预测方法。将汽车部分特征参数作为输入变量,经外流场仿真得到的空气阻力系数作为输出变量,获取数据集。采用遗传算法对BP神经网络进行参数寻优,最终建立基于遗传算法的BP神经网络模型,验证不同训练集数量对模型预测精度的影响。结果表明,GA-BP神经网络在训练样本较少时也能维持较高的预测精度,可用于汽车空气阻力系数的快速测。     

Analysis of collapse resistance of offshore rigid frame - Continuous girder bridge based on time-varying fragility

In service period, the key to ensure the service performance of bridge is to control its material durability damage and continuous collapse better. Nowadays, most anti - collapse analysis under earthquake is for the frame structure, the theory and method of anti - collapse analysis of bridge is not systematically summarized. Taking a 4 - span rigid frame - continuous girder bridge in offshore seismic prone region as an example, a new quantitative criterion for collapse resistance was proposed based on theoretical fragility, reliability theory and concept removal method of components, which is suitable for the example bridge. The results show that the time-varying durability damage and time-varying bond - slip effect on mechanical properties of materials can't be ignored in service period; the fragility and importance coefficient increase with service life, while the robustness coefficient decreases with service life, the different optimization algorithms all improve their corresponding parameters; when the bridge reaches its designed service life, its robustness coefficient is about 25% of that of the new, when the bridge exceeds the designed service life, its robustness coefficient decay rate is low, and the residual robustness coefficient is about 18%, the bridge still has certain anti - collapse performance.     

Size effect on residual stress in low transformation temperature welded joints

It has been reported that low transformation temperature (LTT) weld metals are beneficial to generation of compressive residual stress around weld zone. In this study, the relationship among residual stress, size effect of LTT welded joints with different plate width and thickness as well as martensite start (Ms) temperatures was investigated by experimental and finite-element analysis. It was found that heat dissipation and thermal expansion coefficient of LTT weld metal had a significant impact on residual stress. Welded joint with a small plate width led to greater compressive residual stresses in the LTT weld, which was due to the lower heat dissipation and smaller thermal expansion coefficient of the LTT weld metal in due course of cooling process. Additionally, the finite-element analysis revealed that increasing plate width mainly affected the longitudinal residual stress, while increasing the plate thickness influenced all the residual stress components in the LTT weld. Furthermore, the LTT weld with a lower Ms temperature of 191 °C resulted in greater compressive residual stresses, and was less sensitive to the LTT joint size, as against the Ms temperature of 398 °C.