Do driver training programs reduce crashes and traffic violations? — A critical examination of the literature

This paper reviews the evaluation literature on the effectiveness of classroom and behind-the-wheel driver training. The primary focus is on North America programs as originally taught in high schools but now also by private instructors. Studies from the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and Scandinavia are also included.By far the most rigorous study to date was the experimental study in DeKalb, Georgia, U.S.A. This study used a randomized design including a control group and a very large sample size to provide reasonable statistical precision. I reexamine the DeKalb data in detail and conclude that the study did show evidence of small short-term crash and violation reductions per licensed driver. However, when the accelerated licensure caused by the training is allowed to influence the crash and violation counts, there is evidence of a net increase in crashes.The other studies reviewed present a mixed picture but the better designed quasi-experimental evaluations usually showed no effects on crash rates but almost all suffer from inadequate sample size. I show that as many as 35,000 drivers would be required in a two group design to reliably detect a 10% reduction in crash rates.The advent of GDL laws in North America and other countries has largely remedied the concern over accelerated licensure of high risk teenage drivers by delaying the progress to full licensure. Conventional driver training programs in the U.S. (30 h classroom and 6 h on-the-road) probably reduce per licensed driver crash rates by as little as 5% over the first 6-12 months of driving. The possibility of an effect closer to 0 cannot be dismissed.Some GDLs contain an incentive for applicants to complete an advanced driver training program in return for shortening the provisional period of the GDL. The results of Canadian studies indicate that any effects of the driver training component are not sufficient to offset the increase in accidents due to increased exposure.There is no evidence or reason to believe that merely lengthening the number of hours on the road will increase effectiveness. Programs directed toward attitude change and risk taking better address the underlying cause of the elevated crash risk of young drivers but these behaviors are notoriously resistant to modification in young people.     

校内生产性实训基地建设的探索

高职校内生产性实训基地是以科学发展观为统领,遵循高等职业教育改革与发展规律,结合自身工作实际,满足实训教学及能力培养要求,在创新实训基地建设模式,拓展校际之间、校企之间合作,引进企业管理和长线产品上铺垫生产性实训平台,以此推动专业实训基地建设与改革。     

船员素质现状分析及对策

本文通过分析目前船员队伍的现状,从船员自身、培训、监管等方面列举影响船员素质提高的原因,并对如何提高船员素质从管理主体的监管和自律、培训激励制度、船员心理和业务素质等方面提出了建议,各个单位共同合作,真抓实干,将提高我国海船船员素质的系统工程做好。     

基于工艺过程的《船舶结构焊接工艺编制》课程建设

船舶结构焊接工艺编制课程是在原焊接专业课程焊接结构与生产课程的基础上,根据船舶行业的特点而设置的一门新课程,通过广泛的调研,以船舶结构中的八个典型焊接工艺过程为载体构建课程体系,这是工学结合在课程建设中的应用,也满足了船舶行业对人才培养的需求。     

投资理财专业“以赛代训”的人才培养模式探索与实践——以广东交通职业技术学院为例

教育部倡导高等职业教育走"校企合作、顶岗实习"的人才培养新模式。文中初步阐述了广东交通职业技术学院投资理专业"以赛代训"的人才培养模式具体要求、运作模式及措施。     

工学结合人才培养模式创新实验基地建设的研究与实践——以南通航运职业技术学院船舶与海洋工程类专业实验基地建设为例

文章分析了目前我国高等职业教育实施工学结合的现状与存在的问题,提出了建立具有自身特色的＂工学结合＂人才培养模式创新实验基地的建议,并以南通航运职业技术学院船舶与海洋工程专业为例介绍工学结合人才培养模式创新实验基地建设的实践经验。     

复合式康复机械手设计

为满足手臂运动功能障碍患者的康复需要,设计了一种复合式康复机械手．介绍了它的机械结构、工作原理和三种控制方式及根据D—H方法得出的康复机械手位姿的齐次变换矩阵．该康复机械手既可单独实现小臂、手掌的曲张运动又可实现小臂、手掌的联动;通过样机试验,验证了该康复机械手的基本功能,可为手臂运动功能障碍患者提供有效的康复训练．     

论高职院校人才培养模式改革的方向与目标

创新人才培养模式是高职院校在办学理念、办学模式、教学方法、教学内容以及师资队伍、校园文化等各方面进行的系统建设。人才培养模式创新的准确涵义,应该充分体现在对人才培养目标的针对性,对校内外的教学环境不断改善及适应性,以及高职教育在人才成长过程中的延展性,从而全方位地承担起对高技能人才的培养责任,促进高等职业教育的健康发展。     

湖北省高职院校商务管理专业现状分析及专业建设改革思路

针对湖北高职高专商务管理专业的建设,为促进高职高专学校面向社会自主办学、办出特色和不断提高人才培养质量,我们对湖北部分企业和湖北高职高专部分学校商务管理专业从社会需求和人才培养状况两方面进行了调研。针对调查的结果进行分析,进一步提出商务管理专业的改革思路。     

创新校企合作模式，开展全方位教学改革

结合骨干院校重点建设项目——汽车专业（群）建设,广东交通职业技术学院汽车学院开展校企校企合作建设模式的研究与实践,创新“院内国际名企培训中心＋院外品牌汽车4S店”校企合作模式,推动了人才培养模式改革和师资队伍建设等工作,提高了人才培养质量。