基于GIS平台的地铁客流预测模型构建

借助GIS平台,对公交线网进行编码,并利用ArcGis的缓冲和叠加分析工具,建立公交站点和地铁站点的空间对应关系。根据调查得到的公交线路站间OD矩阵,利用地铁意向调查标定的参数结果,得到公交客流转移到地铁的比例。基于GIS平台构建的地铁客流预测模型,可以有效地提高建模速度,并能对公交线路调整进行快速反应。     

适应低碳城市需求的出租车调度问题研究

随着我国社会经济的快速发展,城市出租车、小汽车日益增多,城市交通温室气体增多。通过分析出租车现行的巡游运营方式,指出该方式不适应低碳城市需求,而应选择出租车调度运营方式。参考国外经验,提出出租车调度运营问题的解决方案以及该方案所涉及的主要技术,并进一步分析方案实施后的预期效果。     

基于马尔可夫过程的快速路OD矩阵估计方法

为得到城市快速路网络的OD矩阵,引入马尔可夫理论.运用吸收马尔可夫过程对快速路网络进行建模分析,给出相应求解算法推导路段流量,小区OD矩阵表达式,并介绍了运用MATLAB软件进行矩阵求解的方法.最后进行了算例分析,利用VISSIM仿真,通过布设线圈检测器,对OD矩阵估计模型及算法进行精度评价.结果显示,模型可很好地拟合...     

Origin–destination synthesis for aviation network data: examining hub operations in the domestic and international US markets

Hub‐and‐spoke networking is a key feature of current aviation markets in which hubs, as connecting points, function to consolidate and redistribute flows. This indicates that observation of traffic on a segment does not necessarily convey information about the origin to destination routing of passenger journeys because of the unavoidable detours in the system. This paper examines the heterogeneity of the flow composition in domestic and international US markets, which in turn allows us to observe the variation of operations across major hubs. A modified Route Flow Estimator for origin–destination synthesis (or origin–destination matrix estimation) is designed to decompose the segment traffic into itinerary‐based passenger trips. Several public and commercial databases, which are easily accessible, are exploited (and reconciled) for the model in order to (i) generate possible trip itineraries using those segment markets, and (ii) link data‐driven operational conditions with the underlying segment flows. The results are validated with US domestic trip observations and empirical knowledge related to the air transportation system. Then, the variability of the hub operations is examined based on sensitivity tests using the model parameters. From the resolution of itinerary‐based estimates, we observe that major airports' hub operations are spatially uneven, particularly with respect to domestic and international connecting passengers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A theoretical foundation for the relationship between generalized origin–destination matrix and flow matrix based on ordinal graph trajectories

This paper shows the relationship between flow, generalized origin–destination (OD), and alternative route flow from a set of ordinal graph trajectories. In contrast to traffic assignment methods that employ OD matrix to produce flow matrix, we use ordinal trajectory on a network graph as input and produce both the generalized OD matrix and the flow matrix, with the alternative and substitute route flow matrices as additional outputs. By using linear algebra‐like operations on matrix sets, the relationship between network utilization (in terms of flow, generalized OD, alternative route flow, and desire line) and network structure (in terms of distance matrix and adjacency matrix) are derived. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

电话叫车业务中的乘客信用缺失及其对策

对电话叫车业务中的信用缺失问题进行了界定,简要分析了造成乘客信用缺失的原因,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

非正规出租车存在下的出租车合理规模研究

现有的出租车合理规模是根据出租车分担率计算得出的,但分担率在调查过程中受抽样比 例、调查方式等因素的影响而存在较大误差,而且现有的出租车规模计算模型均未考虑非正规出 租车分担了部分客运需求的事实,导致规模计算结果普遍偏低。为减少计算偏差,采用全数调查 的方法,并结合出租车计价器的原始数据,直接测定出租车的日均载客人次、运营次数及单次载 客人数等指标,提出在出租车有效行驶里程计算模型中不再考虑出租车分担率指标;基于非正规 出租车客观存在而引入了非正规出租车承运比例指标,建立基于供需平衡的现时出租车合理保有 量计算修正模型。最后通过实证分析验证了修正后的模型是合理和实用的,有利于抑制非正规出 租车非法营运和城市出租车行业的健康发展。     

基于IC卡数据挖掘获取公交OD矩阵的方法

以广州市羊城通IC卡以及广州市公交系统信息为例子,探讨了实现基于IC卡信息获取公交客流出行特征的方法。在IC卡数据挖掘和统计基础上,对线路站点OD矩阵、区域OD矩阵进行了推算。相比传统的人工统计法。该方法易于实现,能运用到实际中且运算效率高,适用于海量数据的客流出行特征统计分析。     

城市出租车行驶里程与排放特性相关性的试验研究

应用美国Sensors公司生产的SEMTECH-DS车载排放测试仪,通过双怠速法、ASM稳态工况法及道路工况法对同一品牌不同行驶里程的城市出租车进行了排放特性的研究,比较了不同测试方法对排放测试结果的影响,并分析了车辆行驶里程与排放特性的关系。结果表明,双怠速工况下排放污染物超标的行驶里程与ASM工况基本相似;道路工况对汽车污染物排放影响显著;3种测试方法下的HC排放污染物均随行驶里程的增加而升高。     

Fine-grained OD estimation with automated zoning and sparsity regularisation

Given a road network, a fundamental object of interest is the matrix of origin destination (OD) flows. Estimation of this matrix involves at least three sub-problems: (i) determining a suitable set of traffic analysis zones, (ii) the formulation of an optimisation problem to determine the OD matrix, and (iii) a means of evaluating a candidate estimate of the OD matrix. This paper describes a means of addressing each of these concerns. We propose to automatically uncover a suitable set of traffic analysis zones based on observed link flows. We then employ regularisation to encourage the estimation of a sparse OD matrix. We finally propose to evaluate a candidate OD matrix based on its predictive power on held out link flows. Analysis of our approach on a real-world transport network reveals that it discovers automated zones that accurately capture regions of interest in the network, and a corresponding OD matrix that accurately predicts observed link flows.