关于加强打车软件综合管理的建议

中国打车软件从2012年开始上线,“嘀嘀打车”和“快的打车”通过“双向补贴”方式竞争客户,一度导致全国范围主要城市出租汽车运营秩序混乱,引起社会广泛争议。对打车软件涉及的金融系统安全、出租汽车运营秩序、群体性事件等问题展开分析。总结国内外打车软件的主要区别,指出中国打车软件的管理更为复杂、更容易引起社会矛盾。最后,建议在国家层面提出指导性意见,着重研究网络金融进入公共服务业的规则、现代信息技术服务于出租汽车营运的管理规则,以及出租汽车行业管理中政府和企业的权责界限。     

高校机房排课系统的设计与实现

介绍了高校机房排课系统的设计思想和实现方法,重点阐述了系统体系结构的选择、排课算法的实现,并对系统设计中的难点问题给出了具体的解决方案。     

铁路客票系统数据一致性的实现技术

本文分析了分布式数据库系统数据一致性的实现方法，介绍了客票系统中采用的两种实现数据一致性的技术：复制服务器技术和数据库通信技术，以及这两种技术的实现机制。     

打车软件使用率对出租车社会福利的影响

出租车行业的社会福利主要由出租车剩余价值与乘客剩余价值构成,为了量化打车软件这一新型电召服务模式对社会福利的影响,本文采用柯布—道格拉斯函数为出租车实载里程表达形式,得到出租车出行需求函数,然后考虑打车软件使用率对空驶里程的影响,最终构建出租车与乘客的剩余价值模型.通过成都某区域实例数据得出,当打车软件的使用率从0变化到100%,出租车剩余价值增加23%,乘客剩余价值减小6.4%,社会总福利减小3%.计算结果表明,该模型具有可行性与有效性,可为行业规划与管理中对打车软件这类新型服务模式提供引导方式,对出租车的价格调整等提供决策依据.     

中国出租汽车运营特征及启示

驾驶员与企业关系、运输服务质量是出租汽车行业两大核心问题。基于2013年交通运输业经济统计专项调查数据、城市客运统计年报数据以及出租汽车GPS监控信息统计等多源数据,分析中国出租汽车客运系统运营特征。以中心城市、地级市和县级市划分出租汽车服务城市的规模,以单班车、双班车和三班车划分出租汽车运营模式,总结出租汽车运力投放、日均行驶里程、空驶率、日均载客次数、利润等运营规律。基于分析结果提出3点启示:出租汽车行业改革宜根据城市的不同规模、类型进行分类指导;统筹考虑需求与供给、新技术发展并统一服务标志;兼具公共交通与私人交通双重属性,运营模式可多元化。     

Airport taxi planning: Lagrangian decomposition

The airport taxi planning (TP) module is a decision tool intended to guide airport surface management operations. TP is defined by a flow network optimization model that represents flight ground movements and improves aircraft taxiing routes and schedules during periods of aircraft congestion. TP is not intended to operate as a stand‐alone tool for airport operations management: on the contrary, it must be used in conjunction with existing departing and arriving traffic tools and overseen by the taxi planner of the airport, also known as the aircraft ground controller. TP must be flexible in order to accommodate changing inputs while maintaining consistent routes and schedules already delivered from past executions. Within this dynamic environment, the execution time of TP may not exceed a few minutes. Classic methods for solving binary multi‐commodity flow networks with side constraints are not efficient enough; therefore, a Lagrangian decomposition methodology has been adapted to solve it. We demonstrate TP Lagrangian decomposition using actual data from the Madrid‐Barajas Airport. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analogy of fixed route shared taxi (taxi khattee) and bus services under various demand density and economical conditions

Taxi khattee is a fixed route unregulated shared taxi. It is a very common mode of transportation in Iran. Fixed route, unscheduled operation, open, unlimited pick‐up and drop‐off locations, and share ride are common features of taxi khattees. Low passenger capacity and working in high demand corridors provides for the possibility of high service frequencies any time of the day. Taxi khattees are similar to jitneys, which are obsolete or illegal in many countries. The aim of this research is to design transit network of an area using taxi khattees in addition to buses. The methodology employed in this paper simultaneously considers the costs to the users and operators on the one hand, and those of the public non‐users on the other hand. Taxi khattees are used in the design of a multimodal network along with buses to characterize the appropriate economic domain for their use. Moreover, their operation indices are compared against those of buses. A sensitivity analysis is carried out on various performance measures. Results show taxi khattees should be used in areas where population density is low, work force is inexpensive, social costs are not considered in fare calculation, and users' value of time is high. The study contradicts the common belief that since taxi khattees provide a high frequency compared to buses, they are economically plausible to use in a transit fleet. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城市出租车跟驰行为安全性分析

出租车在繁荣城市经济、方便居民生活等方面起到积极作用的同时也给城市交通带来一些负面影响.本文以出租车在城市道路上的跟驰行为为研究对象,分析其行为特点及安全性.实际调查数据显示,在相同的道路交通条件下,出租车跟驰间距普遍小于其他车辆.选取速度、距离为主要变量,建立跟驰安全约束条件.结合实例,分析出租车小间距跟驰行为的安全性.结果表明,出租车小间距跟驰明显降低其行驶安全性,增加了事故发生的机率.     

基于时空相似度聚类的热点载客路径挖掘

出租车的载客轨迹直接体现了车辆的行驶状态和居民的出行规律,热点载客路径的挖掘为交通管理与规划,居民行为模式发现及出租车载客推荐等具有重要价值. 本文以兰州市3 000 辆出租车载客轨迹为研究对象,提出了基于时空相似性聚类的热点载客路径挖掘算法. 首先,根据出租车的GPS轨迹数据提取出载客轨迹及其核心轨迹;然后,根据提出的相似性度量算法计算核心轨迹的空间相似性、时间相似性及时空相似性,并结合DBSCAN聚类算法对载客轨迹进行聚类;最后,根据聚类结果获取城市热点载客路径的空间分布,并分析了其在工作日和非工作日的差异. 实验结果表明,本文提出的挖掘算法能有效、快速地发现城市热点载客路径的分布.