Emission rates of intermodal rail/road and road-only transportation in Europe: A comprehensive simulation study

Intermodal rail/road transportation combines advantages of both modes of transport and is often seen as an effective approach for reducing the environmental impact of freight transportation. This is because it is often expected that rail transportation emits less greenhouse gases than road transportation. However, the actual emissions of both modes of transport depend on various factors like vehicle type, traction type, fuel emission factors, payload utilization, slope profile or traffic conditions. Still, comprehensive experimental results for estimating emission rates from heavy and voluminous goods in large-scale transportation systems are hardly available so far. This study describes an intermodal rail/road network model that covers the majority of European countries. Using this network model, we estimate emission rates with a mesoscopic model within and between the considered countries by conducting a large-scale simulation of road-only transports and intermodal transports. We show that there are high variations of emission rates for both road-only transportation and intermodal rail/road transportation over the different transport relations in Europe. We found that intermodal routing is more eco-friendly than road-only routing for more than 90% of the simulated shipments. Again, this value varies strongly among country pairs.     

Situation analysis forecasting: the case of European maritime clusters

Within the literature concerned with aspects of competitiveness, innovation and strategic management of industrial clusters, the body regarding forecasting of strategic management is still nascent. This work aspires to render a contribution within the domain of strategic management forecasting, through the indicative case of European maritime clusters. For this end, a two-tier model is formulated. A quantitative strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) methodology that derives from the fusion of a quondam situation analysis and crosstabs’ theory is generated. This leads to the utilization of the crosstab’s conditional probabilities as transition probabilities; the latter are called to compile the transition matrix of a Markov chain. Through this methodology, and the successive Markov chain’s transition matrices, strategic forecasts are extracted for a devised European maritime cluster case. This work relinquishes a novel application with respect to strategic management forecasting, that provides a dichotomy of practical interpretations and scenarios for quantitative situation analysis. Thus, it may enable effective real-time decision-making for strategic management and/or policy drafting. The situation analysis forecasting model may find applicability in a plethora of practical and theoretical cases, wherein forecasting may be desirable. It may as well pertain to an intrinsic methodology for situation analysis forecasting of maritime clusters.     

长江口深水航道疏浚吹填一体化施工工艺

针对长江口地区近年来出现的新圈围造地工程,因条件限制或成本控制不宜设置储泥坑的情况,通过长兴潜堤工程实例,介绍长江口深水航道疏浚吹填一体化施工工艺,对工艺中的疏浚施工、艏吹抛锚定位以及吹泥施工等关键技术进行重点阐述。该工艺无需设置中转储泥坑,疏浚土一次性吹填上岸,并用于造地成陆,在长江口地区应用效果较好。     

受侧向冲击的混凝土墩柱本构模型对比

采用ANSYS建模和LS-DYNA显式动力分析的方式,分别使用HJC、脆性损伤、盖帽和混凝土损伤等4种混凝土本构模型,对钢筋混凝土墩柱的侧向冲击过程进行仿真。从系统能量的角度验证数值计算的正确性;并将冲击过程中的冲击物块加速度和钢筋应变的历时值与试验值进行对比,进一步证实仿真计算的正确性。从各本构模型的计算结果、模拟所耗费的计算时间以及所需的参数数量等方面进行对比。     

吹填土对筒型基础结构工作性能的影响

针对吹填土对筒型基础结构工作性能影响的问题,进行三维有限元模拟研究。采用大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS建立筒型基础结构与吹填土相互作用的三维弹塑性模型,模拟在波浪荷载和不同厚度吹填土作用下筒型基础结构各点土压力的变化趋势,揭示筒壁所承受土压力的分布规律以及不同厚度吹填土的影响。该结果为防波堤的筒型基础结构稳定性验算提供了依据。     

潮位对深海筑堤工程深层土体水平位移的影响

深海筑堤工程中必须对深层土体进行水平位移监测。自动化测斜技术每天能在固定时间自动监测传感器读数,如果设置监测间隔为48 min,即潮位隔天的推迟时间,则可以分析出潮位对深海筑堤工程中深层土体水平位移的影响。结合浙江某筑堤工程的自动化测斜随潮位变化的监测数据等,找出潮位对深海筑堤工程中深层土体水平位移的影响及规律,提出适用于类似工程的应用方法和案例。     

柳江红花二线船闸输水系统布置与水力学模型试验研究

红花二线船闸是广西西江黄金水道首批重点建设项目,是提升柳江及西江通航能力、实现西江亿吨黄金水道的重要工程,其闸室规模与三峡船闸一致、工作水头近20 m、输水能量巨大。结合工程特点,选择了闸底长廊道侧支孔输水系统,设计了输水系统具体布置,并提出采用汇合廊道改善单边阀门运行输水流态的措施。通过比尺为1∶30的物理模型试验,对不同阀门运行工况下输水系统水力特性、闸室船舶停泊条件、进出水口水流条件等开展研究,推荐了使水力指标满足规范和设计要求的阀门开启方式。     

排桩整流技术内涵及应用

针对船闸下游引航道口门区横向流速超标问题,分析多种导流建筑物削弱口门区回流的机理,提出运用排桩调整水流流态的技术,并将排桩的概念进行延拓,涵盖以往多种导流建筑形式。结合物理模型试验,将排桩技术运用于大藤峡枢纽船闸下游引航道口门区水流条件改善中。成果表明:采用LD为1.0的排桩整流能降低口门区回流流速。     

蜀山泵站枢纽船闸输水系统水力学模型试验

蜀山泵站枢纽船闸对引江济淮工程航运至关重要,是连通长江与淮河,确保引江济淮航运干线畅通的控制性工程,其闸室规模大、工作水头高、输水能量高,输水过程水力学问题是船闸设计的关键环节。结合工程地质和结构设计,船闸拟采用形式最为简单的闸墙长廊道侧支孔输水系统,输水过程船舶与船闸自身安全能否满足相关要求需要开展细致研究。通过比尺为1∶25的物理模型试验,对其输水过程船舶停泊条件、水力特性及引航道水流条件开展研究。结果表明:在推荐的输水系统布置和阀门开启方式下,各项水力指标均能满足规范和设计要求。     

不规则波作用下的港域波浪条件试验研究

针对数学模型很少能较好地模拟天然海浪的多向性、不规则性的特点,基于港口波浪整体物理模型试验,对不规则波作用下港域内测点的波高扰动系数的分布规律进行研究。结果表明:在绕射作用为主的掩护区域,多向波的绕射性能大于单向波,波浪扰动系数较大;波浪绕射、反射作用均十分强烈的掩护区域,多向不规则波与单向不规则波的扰动系数看不出明显的大小关系。以反射作用为主的掩护良好区域,单向不规则波的扰动系数较多向不规则波的要大,且受反射作用越大的区域,单向波的扰动系数大的越多。在以绕射作用为主的掩护区域,波浪分布对周期的敏感性较差;在以反射作用为主的掩护良好区域,波高分布对周期的敏感性较强。在绕射、反射都较强的情况下有可能单向波作用下的港内波高大于单向波,用单向不规则波来模拟反而是偏安全的。在进行港内波况整体模型试验时需要根据实际的工程条件做出综合考虑来决定波型,必要时要对单向、多向不规则波都要进行试验以确定最佳方案。