PPF水泥稳定砂砾的收缩及低温性能研究

为了研究聚丙烯纤维(PPF)水泥稳定砂砾的干缩、温缩和低温冻融性能,基于PPF长度和掺量变化,通过室内试验考察了不同龄期各组试件的上述物理力学性能,得到了PPF长度和掺量变化下的影响规律,并从材料组成的微观、宏观以及断裂力学角度分析了其机理.结果表明,各龄期PPF水泥稳定砂砾的干缩和温缩系数均随PPF长度、掺量的增加而减小;PPF对水泥稳定砂砾低温性能的改善幅度,随PPF长度的增加呈递增趋势,而随PPF掺量增加的改善趋势会因PPF长度的不同而表现各异:PPF长度较小时呈递增趋势,长度较大时呈先增加后减小趋势.研究给出了合理的PPF长度及掺量取值,与普通对比组相比,PPF组的平均干缩系数和温缩系数可分别降低19.4％和12.1％以上;冻融抗压强度和劈裂强度可分别提高12.1％和16.7％以上,冻融质量损失率可降低87.8％以上.     

水泥混凝土路面的温度梯度日极值预估

温度梯度的大小受外界环境如气温、辐射、风雨等因素的影响较为显著,基于大同、宁波、广州三个气象观测站近一年的气象、路面温度等数据的采集分析,引入前一日的太阳辐射数据(Q-1)作为预估模型的参数,提高了前人基于气象参数对水泥混凝土路面日温度梯度最大值的预估模型的精度;采用路面表层温度这一较容易获取的温度数据(包括路表日最高温度Ts,max与路表日最低温度Ts,min)对标准厚度路面的日最大温度梯度进行预估的模型;引进路面温度梯度日振幅ΔTg这一概念,提出路面日温度梯度最小值与日温度梯度最大值之间的指数关系。     

改性生物沥青常规性能研究

为研究改性生物沥青的常规性能,对其进行针入度、软化点和延度试验,考察生物沥青与改性沥青按照不同比例混合后各性能的改善.试验结果表明:生物沥青与改性沥青混合后,其针入度值随着改性沥青比例的增大而减小;对改性生物沥青进行温度稳定性分析可知,两种生物沥青本身高温性能就好,当与改性沥青混合后,软化点降低,影响高温性能;生物沥青与改性沥青混合后,其延度都有很大程度的提高,改善了生物沥青低温下硬脆的缺点,特别是SBS改性沥青和SBR改性沥青作用最大.并且随着改性沥青所占比例的增大,效果越好.     

含湿量和纤维对隧道二衬混凝土高温性能的影响

通过模拟火灾现场材料表面实际升温曲线,分析了不同纤维混凝土的临界含湿量以及不同含湿量下混凝土的质量损失,同时采用大板混凝土进行火灾试验.研究发现:含湿量的高低较大程度上影响着试件受火后表面爆裂程度、裂缝数量、渗水时间以及质量损失;防火纤维混凝土爆裂的临界含湿量高于其他3种混凝土(普通混凝土、聚乙烯纤维混凝土、聚丙烯纤维混凝土),抗爆裂性能最好;相同含湿量下,通过观察受火面剥落、烧酥程度,再一次验证了防火纤维抗爆裂效果较好.通过测试不同混凝土板侧面温度场以及区域回弹值发现,由于混凝土板侧面温度值分布不同,进而造成混凝土材料回弹值的损失也不一样,材料力学性能的损失与温度场有着直接的关系.     

基于怠速提升的DPF再生温度控制方法研究

在DPF主动再生过程中,如果柴油机运行工况突降至怠速状态,会使DPF内部温度峰值和温度梯度迅速升高,易导致DPF出现烧熔现象,针对该问题,进行了基于怠速提升的DPF主动再生温度控制的试验研究。结果表明:再生过程降至怠速工况时,载体出口端中心附近的温度和温度梯度升高幅度最大;随着怠速的提升载体的温度峰值和温度梯度逐渐降低,怠速提升至1 100r/min时,最高温度峰值由820℃左右降至632℃左右,降低了约22.9%,最大温度梯度由30℃/cm左右降至10℃/cm左右,降低了约66.7%。     

基于流固耦合模型的负压式EGR阀传热研究

采用CFD方法,建立了由阀体和阀体内的流体组成的负压式EGR阀的流固耦合传热仿真模型,进行了流体与固体之间的共轭传热仿真。仿真及试验结果表明,在上阀体设计冷却水道,有助于改善阀体的换热状况,能很好地满足安装在上阀体的密封环以及其他附件工作温度要求。     

OGFC混合料设计参数影响因素研究

近年来有关专家学者对OGFC沥青混合料的物理及力学性能差异性研究较多,但对相应的成型因素对设计参数的影响研究较少。为此,针对OGFC-13混合料成型因素对其性能影响,进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明:对改性沥青拌制的OGFC混合料而言,最佳的施工温度应尽量控制在160~180℃之间;采用同一级配时,油石比的变化对马歇尔指标变化也有一定的影响;击实75次是临界值。     

蛇形造波机液压泵站及其控制电路设计

介绍蛇形造波机液压泵站的结构特点及其控制电路的设计。     

Surface CO2 measurements in the English Channel and Southern Bight of North Sea using voluntary observing ships

Ships of opportunity have been used to investigate ocean–atmosphere CO₂ fluxes in the English Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea. Continuous underway measurements of the fugacity of seawater carbon dioxide (fCO₂^sw), chlorophyll, temperature and salinity have been performed along 26 transects during the spring and autumn periods. The spatial fCO₂^sw distribution along the Channel and Southern Bight is modulated by the photosynthetic activity, temperature changes and water mixing between inputs from the North Atlantic Ocean and riverine discharges. The seasonal variability of fCO₂^sw is assessed and discussed in terms of the biology and temperature effects, these having similar impacts. The variation of fCO₂^sw shows similar interannual patterns, with lower values in spring. The annual average of air–sea CO₂ fluxes places the English Channel as neutral area of CO₂ uptake. The spring and autumn data allow differentiating between distal and proximal continental areas. The Southern Bight shows a tendency towards net CO₂ uptake on the distal continental shelf, whereas the Scheldt and Thames Plumes show a CO₂ source behaviour on the proximal continental shelves.     

1/32° real-time global ocean prediction and value-added over 1/16° resolution

A 1/32° global ocean nowcast/forecast system has been developed by the Naval Research Laboratory at the Stennis Space Center. It started running at the Naval Oceanographic Office in near real-time on 1 Nov. 2003 and has been running daily in real-time since 1 Mar. 2005. It became an operational system on 6 March 2006, replacing the existing 1/16° system which ceased operation on 12 March 2006. Both systems use the NRL Layered Ocean Model (NLOM) with assimilation of sea surface height from satellite altimeters and sea surface temperature from multi-channel satellite infrared radiometers. Real-time and archived results are available online at http://www.ocean.nrlssc.navy.mil/global_nlom. The 1/32° system has improvements over the earlier system that can be grouped into two categories: (1) better resolution and representation of dynamical processes and (2) design modifications. The design modifications are the result of accrued knowledge since the development of the earlier 1/16° system. The improved horizontal resolution of the 1/32° system has significant dynamical benefits which increase the ability of the model to accurately nowcast and skillfully forecast. At the finer resolution, current pathways and their transports become more accurate, the sea surface height (SSH) variability increases and becomes more realistic and even the global ocean circulation experiences some changes (including inter-basin exchange). These improvements make the 1/32° system a better dynamical interpolator of assimilated satellite altimeter track data, using a one-day model forecast as the first guess. The result is quantitatively more accurate nowcasts, as is illustrated by several model-data comparisons. Based on comparisons with ocean color imagery in the northwestern Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman, the 1/32° system has even demonstrated the ability to map small eddies, 25–75 km in diameter, with 70% reliability and a median eddy center location error of 22.5 km, a surprising and unanticipated result from assimilation of altimeter track data. For all of the eddies (50% small eddies), the reliability was 80% and the median eddy center location error was 29 km. The 1/32° system also exhibits improved forecast skill in relation to the 1/16° system. This is due to (a) a more accurate initial condition for the forecast and (b) better resolution and representation of critical dynamical processes (such as upper ocean – topographic coupling via mesoscale flow instabilities) which allow the model to more accurately evolve these features in time while running in forecast mode (forecast atmospheric forcing for the first 5 days, then gradually reverting toward climatology for the remainder of the 30-day forecast period). At 1/32° resolution, forecast SSH generally compares better with unassimilated observations and the anomaly correlation of the forecast SSH exceeds that from persistence by a larger amount than found in the 1/16° system.