锰酸锂动力电池寿命测试方法

以北京奥运会用锰酸锂电池为对象,通过电池的实际运行环境和电池容量衰退多种影响因素的分析,从充放电倍率应力、温度应力和放电深度应力3方面进行与实际运行环境等效的应力条件下的电池寿命测试。利用拟合的衰退数据得到了锂离子动力电池的寿命模型参数,利用线性累积法简化了电池容量衰退模型,提出了一种面向不同实际应用场合的电池寿命测试方法。与模拟混合四季温度的电池寿命数据对比验证了该简化模型的有效性,它有效缩短了电池寿命测试周期。     

Prediction of the vibratory properties of ship models with realistic structural configurations produced using additive manufacturing

The use of flexible ship models to determine the dynamic behaviour of full-scale ships in waves and to compare the accuracy of numerical predictions has increased in the past few years. Segments attached to a flexible uniform backbone of suitable but simple cross section is the preferred solution. Although such models are relatively easy to manufacture with conventional processes, they do not represent accurately the structural detail, for example, of a container ship. The limitations of conventional manufacturing constraints can be potentially overcome by use of modern technologies such as additive manufacturing. Designing detailed elastic ship models requires the determination of dynamic material properties, in addition to the manufacturer mechanical properties.In this investigation, a detailed but easy-to-implement method is developed, and applied to a uniform container ship-like model, to identify the material properties that are relevant to the calculation of the natural frequencies of 3D printed thin-walled structures. It is demonstrated that modal testing of 3D printed specimens, combined with FEAmodelling, can be used to accurately predict the natural frequencies of much more complex thin-walled structures. This method allows investigators to acquire all information necessary during the design stage of 3D printed structures without having to resort to full material characterisation.     

基于CRITIC-G1法赋权的铁路线路速度目标值综合评价

铁路线路速度目标值的选择,直接影响铁路线路设计的其他主要技术标准的选择、车辆选型、设备配置、工程投资等。选择一种科学有效的模型,对速度目标值方案进行综合评价对铁路线路设计的后续工作具有重要意义。利用层次分析法原理建立速度目标值综合评价体系,引入CRITIC-G1法(Criteria Importance Though Intercrieria Correlation-Order Relation Analysis Method,CRITIC-G1)的综合赋权方法计算各评价指标的权重。采用基于灰色关联改进的TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)多目标决策方法确定最优方案。以西安-江油段速度目标值方案比选为例验证模型的合理性,计算结果表明速度目标值为350km/h的方案最优,与工程实际相符。结果表明:本文提出的基于CRITIC-G1的综合评价方法,能够体现各评价指标间的差异性和相关性,同时也能体现主观经验的偏好性,是一种较为科学、合理的评价方法.     

The design and commissioning of a fully elastic model of a uniform container ship

Experimental hydroelasticity has not followed the rapid evolution of its computational counterpart. Hydroelastic codes have changed significantly in the past few decades, moving to more detailed modelling of both the structure and the fluid domain. Physical models of ships are, even today, manufactured with a very simplified structural arrangement, usually consisting of a hollow rectangular cross section. Appropriate depiction of the internal structural details ensures that properties relevant to antisymmetric vibration are scaled accurately from the real ship to the model. Attempts to create continuous, ship-like structures had limited success, as manufacturing constraints did not allow for much internal structural detail to be included. In this investigation, the first continuous model of a ship with a detailed internal arrangement resembling a container ship is designed, produced using 3D printing and tested in waves. It is demonstrated that the global responses of the hull in regular head waves agree well with theory and past literature, confirming that such a model can represent the behaviour of a ship. Furthermore, it is found that the model is capable of capturing local responses of the structure, something that would be impossible with “traditional” hydroelastic ship models. Finally, the capability of the model to be used to investigate antisymmetric vibrations is confirmed. The methodology developed here opens a whole new world of possibilities for experiments with models that are tailored to the focus of the investigation at hand. Moreover, it offers a powerful tool for the validation of modern state-of-the-art hydroelastic codes. Ultimately, it creates the next step in the investigation of dynamic responses of ship structures, which contribute significantly to accumulating damage of the hull. Better understanding of these responses will allow designers to avoid over-engineering and use of big safety factors to account for uncertainties in their predictions.     

混合交通流交叉口共享空间交互行为建模及仿真

为准确刻画交叉口共享空间内交通个体的运动和交互过程，并为智能汽车虚拟测试提供可靠背景交通流仿真环境，本文提出一种混合交通流交叉口共享空间交互行为模型。基于人类认知过程，模型被设计为“感知-决策-执行”的3层通用框架结构，模拟混合交通流中不同类型交 通个体从感知、决策直至执行的交互全过程。感知层提出一种二维平面交互对象选择方法，通过个体感知范围和轨迹冲突有序筛选交互对象，表征冲突交互的动态性特征；决策层基于当前时刻的交互对象和实时交通环境状况，使用交互行为决策方法为不同类型的交通个体分别选择适合的行为进行交互；执行层通过计算生成执行当前行为决策所需要的轨迹、加速度等关键参数，共 同控制仿真个体按照行为决策结果在二维平面上运动和交互。基于智能汽车Opendrive高精度 路网，构建虚拟测试仿真平台，并将所提出的模型注入平台进行测试。仿真结果表明，模型能较 好地复现交叉口共享空间中交通个体间的交互。研究结果有助于为智能汽车虚拟测试提供可靠背景交通流环境，并进一步提高虚拟测试工具的测试可信度、测试效率及泛化能力。     

多功能管道内检测器测试平台研制

针对管道内检测技术开发方法存在的不足,设计了一种多功能管道内检测器开发测试平台,提高了管道智能检测技术相关的元件开发测试的效率。按照实验思路设计不同的检测单元,可以实现多种管道智能检测技术相关元器件的测试,操作方便、节省时间和成本。实验表明,该平台能较好地完成MBN检测信号的采集。     

轴承无载启动扭矩自动测试试验装置研究

本文针对自润滑关节轴承无载启动扭矩自动化测试的复杂要求,引入高精度扭矩传感器、载荷传感器、扭矩伺服驱动器、轴承夹持夹具等技术,确定试验过程中的定量参数,建立试验自动化控制系统,满足试验过程中的定量控制和自动化控制要求。     

FPSO弯管焊缝相控阵超声检测工艺及装备开发

针对FPSO弯管的结构特点，制定了弯管焊缝相控阵超声检测工艺，开发了专用的相控阵扫查器，解决了弯管侧耦合条件差以及空间狭小的难点。在试块上的实验结果表明，检测工艺与扫查器配合使用，能够有效检出弯管焊缝的典型缺陷。对于弯管侧超声信号的误差，也进行了分析。     

变形监测网拟稳平差的程序设计

拟稳平差是对变形监测网作自由网平差,同时使未知量拟合于它们的稳定量,这样既不歪曲观测值,又有相对稳定的基准值,可以达到准确掌握监测点变化情况的目的。首先介绍选取拟稳点的基本原则和自由网拟稳平差原理,并提出用Matlab语言实现拟稳平差程序化的方法,该程序具有计算功能强大、输入输出方便的优点。最后,得出该程序设计的流程及设计过程。     

Strain rate sensitive steel constitutive models for finite element analysis of vessel-structure impacts

Civil infrastructure systems such as bridge piers, navigational guide walls, and protection structures that are located near navigable waterways are inherently at risk for being impacted by cargo vessels such as barges and ships. To safely design such systems to possess adequate vessel impact resistance, structural loads associated with potential vessel-structure collision conditions must be quantified in a conservative manner. While high-resolution finite element impact simulations may be employed to compute such loads, care must be exercised in defining the material characteristics of the vessel if conservative structural design loads are to be obtained. Importantly, constitutive relationships assigned to steel components in the vessel model must be capable of accounting for strain rate sensitivities and large-scale plastic deformations.In the present study, strain rate sensitive constitutive models were developed for two types of steel commonly utilized in marine construction in the United States—ASTM A36 and ASTM A1011. Tension tests were conducted over a wide range of strain rates (7.00 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ – 250 s⁻¹) spanning from quasi-static to intermediate and high rates that are typically associated with vessel-structure impact events. A novel testing apparatus—employing an impact pendulum as an energy supply mechanism—was designed for this study to conduct intermediate to high-rate material testing. Features of the apparatus, discussed in this paper, overcome key problems encountered in other studies that have employed impact loading for tensile material testing. From the testing program, representative stress–strain relations and Cowper–Symonds strain rate sensitivity parameters were developed for the materials tested. Rate sensitivities of the two steel grades tested were found to be very similar to each other. Additionally, rate sensitivities from the present study agreed well with ultimate stress data measured in past studies of mild steel, but were found to be less rate-sensitive than yield stress data measured in past studies.