高速公路产业特征与企业战略理论

高速公路收费经营企业的发展战略是基于高速公路的基本特征及其未来发展趋势的前提下制定的，因此，理解高速公路的产业特征是制定高速经营发展战略的前提，同时企业战略思想的把握决定着高速公路企业经营发展战略的制定方向。     

Shockwave-based queue estimation approach for undersaturated and oversaturated signalized intersections using multi-source detection data

With the progress of information and sensing technologies, estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections becomes feasible and has attracted considerable attention. The existing studies provided a solid theoretical foundation for the estimation; however, the studies have some restrictions or limitations more or less. This paper presents a new methodology for estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections using multi-source detection data under both undersaturated and oversaturated conditions. The methodology applies the shockwave theory to model queue dynamics. Using data from probe vehicles and point detectors, analytical formulations for calculating the maximum and minimum (residual) queue lengths of each cycle are developed. Ground truth data were collected from numerical experiments conducted at two intersections in Shanghai, China, to verify the proposed methodology. It is found that the methodology has mean absolute percentage errors of 17.09% and 12.28%, respectively, for maximum queue length estimation in two tests, which are reasonably effective. However, the methodology is unsatisfactory in estimating the residual queue length. Other limitations of the proposed models and algorithms are also discussed in the paper.     

Monitoring marine plankton ecosystems: Identification of the most relevant indicators of the state of an ecosystem

The number of variables involved in the monitoring of an ecosystem can be high and often one of the first stages in the analysis is to reduce the number of variables. We describe a method developed for geological purposes, using the information theory, that enables selection of the most relevant variables. This technique also allows the examination of the asymmetrical relationships between variables. Applied to a set of physical and biological variables (plankton assemblages in four areas of the North Sea), the method shows that biological variables are more informative than physical variables although the controlling factors are mainly physical (sea surface temperature in winter and spring). Among biological variables, diversity measures and warm-water species assemblages are informative for the state of the North Sea pelagic ecosystems while among physical variables sea surface temperature in late winter and early spring are highly informative. Although often used in bioclimatology, the utilisation of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index does not seem to provide a lot of information. The method reveals that only the extreme states of this index has an influence on North Sea pelagic ecosystems. The substantial and persistent changes that were detected in the dynamic regime of the North Sea ecosystems and called regime shift are detected by the method and corresponds to the timing of other shifts described in the literature for some European Systems such as the Baltic and the Mediterranean Sea when both physical and biological variables are considered.     

城市道路交叉口借道右转车道设置方法

为了弥补交叉口空间布局中对借道右转车道研究的不足,分析了借道右转车辆在两相邻交叉口间的运行过程,将两交叉口间距分为四部分。采用波动理论、考虑驾驶员的操作顺适性以及采用概率论方法,建立了借道右转的右转车道适宜开口位置模型、借道右转的绿化带开口长度模型和路段右转车辆的合流段长度模型,在此基础上得到了实施借道右转的两交叉口最小间距模型。实例分析表明,所得模型符合两相邻交叉口间的交通流运行实际,对于判断两相邻交叉口是否适合于设置借道右转,以及设置借道右转时如何对各构成部分进行分析具有指导意义。     

非圆弧滑面滑坡中满足平衡条件的预应力锚索设计拉力的确定方法

在以往的设计计算中 ,对非圆弧滑坡预应力锚索的设计一般采用指定设计外力而根据整体平衡来确定锚索根数 ,并认为锚索作用力以集中荷载作用在滑面上 ,实际上由于作用在地面的荷载经滑体传递后发生了很大的扩散作用 ,且以往的计算方法是不能找到理论依据的 ,即不满足任何力及力矩的平衡条件 ,因而不尽合理 ,本文根据其受力特点从平衡条件出发 ,导出了确定锚索设计外力的迭代算法公式 ,对工程实际具有较大的理论意义。     

船舶自引通过托雷斯海峡航法

笔者在不同的季节,不同的海、潮流及白昼或夜间,自引20000吨级船舶来往通过托雷斯海峡十几次,积累了一些经验,本文将讨论托雷斯海峡中狭窄航段的航法、海峡报告制度及航行注意。     

浅析国内内燃机车辅助系统的发展方向

分析了国内内燃机车辅助系统在今后几年的发展方向 ,着重阐明了国内内燃机车辅助系统在适应第四代内燃机车和我国不同地区差异极大的自然环境的要求方面应解决的问题。     

负温混凝土冻害及防冻模型的探讨

通过分析温度对混凝土的损伤机理,尤其是混凝土冻害机理,发展了抗冻临界强度理论和早期结构形成学说,从微观角度定性地描述了负温混凝土防止早期冻害所要形成的结构为抗冻临界界面结构。     

兰新铁路第二双线动车组选型

兰新铁路第二双线于2014年建成,速度等级为200~250 km/h。介绍了国内现有各型动车组的技术指标,对比分析了欧洲标准和日本标准两大系列动车组的技术特点,针对兰新第二双线的环境特点对动车组的特殊要求,并综合考虑各方面因素,建议选择CRH3A型动车组,对其做适应性技术改造,将改造后的新型动车组作为兰新第二双线铁路的运营动车组。