城市轨道交通车站客流安全检测与应急管理系统

围绕为城市轨道交通车站安全应急管理决策提供技术支持的核心目标,设计和研发面向车站管理人员的城市轨道交通车站客流安全检测系统;深入研究建设和实现系统的相关集成技术及关键保障技术,有效实现客流安全问题的实时自动发现、人工确认,以及应急预案启动、预案实施效果实时跟踪及过程控制,以保障城市轨道交通车站安全事件处理的实时高效性,提高城市轨道交通车站安全管理水平.     

装备项目风险管理体系的研究

首先对装备项目全寿命周期内各阶段风险管理的工作内容、相互关系进行了分析,参考系统工程三维结构概念和国内学者提出的风险管理体系的论述,提出了新的三维风险管理体系概念模型,对结构、要素进行了定义和阐述,对其理论指导作用和实际使用意义做了初步探讨,提出了进一步研究的方向,以期对装备项目的风险管理工作和理论研究起到参考和促进作用.     

Comparison of HC species from diesel combustion modes and characterization of a heat-up doc formulation

This study summarizes engine speed and load effects on HC species emissions from premixed charge compression ignition (PCI) and conventional diesel combustion, and it evaluates diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) formulations on a gas flow reactor for the purpose of diesel particulate filter regeneration or lean NO_x trap desulfation. HC emissions are sampled simultaneously by a Tedlar bag for light HC species and by a Tenax TA™ adsorption trap for semi-volatile HC species, and they are analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The bulk temperature and residence time during combustion are key parameters that are important for understanding the effects of speed and load on engine-out HC emissions. The degree of post-flame oxidation is higher in PCI than in conventional combustion, and it is increased for PCI with a higher speed and load, as indicated by a lower fuel alkanes/THC ratio, a higher alkenes/fuel alkanes ratio, and a higher methane/THC ratio. Ethene and n-undecane are two representative HC species, and they are used as a surrogate mixture in the gas flow reactor to simulate PCI and conventional combustion with in-cylinder post fuel injection. Among the three DOC formulations tested, the catalyst with constituent precious metals of platinum and palladium (PtPd) showed the best light-off performance, followed by PtPd with an addition of cerium dioxide (PtPd+CeO₂), and platinum (Pt), regardless of exhaust compositions. Conventional combustion exhaust composition shows a lower light-off temperature than that of PCI, regardless of catalyst formulation.     

信号交叉口右转机动车与行人和非机动车冲突研究

研究的主要内容为:未设置右转专用相位的信号灯控制道路交叉口右转机动车流与行人和非机动车的冲突行为,包括冲突数据的采集和提取、右转车流受到干扰前后速度与过街时间对比分析以及机非冲突速度-距离模型。以现实交通数据为基础,通过软件提取右转机动车与行人和非机动车冲突数据,建立标准统一的冲突数据库,以此为基础对比分析右转车流正常行驶状态和受到干扰情况下通过道路交叉口时的车速和过街时间,并建立右转车辆距离机非冲突点不同位置时所对应不同速度的统计模型。研究结果对右转专用相位设立标准的建立和相应信号配时方案的设计具有一定的工程指导意义。     

公路施工企业现金流的风险与防范

文章通过对公路施工企业容易出现的现金流风险种类及成因进行分析,提出了一些有效的现金流风险防范措施,避免企业出现现金流风险而导致破产。     

Real-time freeway traffic state estimation based on extended Kalman filter: Adaptive capabilities and real data testing

This paper reports on real data testing of a real-time freeway traffic state estimator, with a particular focus on its adaptive capabilities. The pursued general approach to the real-time adaptive estimation of complete traffic state in freeway stretches or networks is based on stochastic macroscopic traffic flow modeling and extended Kalman filtering. One major innovative feature of the traffic state estimator is the online joint estimation of important model parameters (free speed, critical density, and capacity) and traffic flow variables (flows, mean speeds, and densities), which leads to three significant advantages of the estimator: (1) avoidance of prior model calibration; (2) automatic adaptation to changing external conditions (e.g. weather and lighting conditions, traffic composition, control measures); (3) enabling of incident alarms. These three advantages are demonstrated via suitable real data testing. The achieved testing results are satisfactory and promising for subsequent applications.     

Mechanical properties of asphalt pavement structure in highway tunnel

A linear full 3D finite element method （FEM） was performed in order to present the key design parameters of highway tunnel asphalt pavement under double-wheel load on rectangular loaded area considering horizontal contact stress induced by the acceleration/deceleration of vehicles. The key design parameters are the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer, the maximum horizontal tensile stresses at the bottom of the asphalt layer and the maximum vertical shear stresses at the surface of the asphalt layer were calculated. The influencing factors such as double-wheel weight; asphalt layer thickness; base course stiffness modulus and thickness; and the contact conditions among the structure layers on these key design parameters were also examined separately to propose construction procedures of highway tunnel asphalt pavement.     

终端区飞机排序的混合人工鱼群算法

为了保障飞行安全,对终端区着陆飞机进行有效的排序,建立了以航班延误总时间最小为目标函数的规划模型,以人工鱼群算法为基础,融合了遗传算法的选择操作和模拟退火算法的依概率接受的思想,形成混合人工鱼群算法,对着陆飞机排序问题进行了仿真计算,并与先到先服务算法、模拟退火算法以及蚁群算法进行了对比研究。仿真结果表明:与先到先服务相比,使用人工鱼群算法使得单跑道、双跑道延误分别减少了9·3%和48·0%,计算时间小于3s;与蚁群算法和模拟退火算法相比,求解的延误与时间最小,因此,提出的混合算法可行。     

Case Analysis on Vehicle Parking and Departure Plans for the National Stadium

As the main venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the National Stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies, field and track events, and final football games. This paper intends to study the problems associated with vehicle evacuation from the parking lot, and develop evacuation plans. First, the paper analyzes the particular conditions of the parking lot in the National Stadium, as well as its layout and vehicle evacuation. Then, it simulates and evaluates the evacuation plans with the suitably given parameters, based on the real blueprint of the National Stadium and scenarios. Finally, it conducts a comparative analysis on the accuracy and practicability of the vehicle evacuation plans based on the field data collected at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. The simulation result shows that the total vehicle evacuation time was 26 minutes and the real evacuation time was 27 minutes on the day of the opening ceremony, which verifies that the study is accurate and practical.     

Modeling Feedback Scheme of Empty Cars in Unloading End of Heavy Haul Railway

The transportation organization of heavy haul railway is complex in China, especially, the feedback of empty cars. On the basis of reference to the existing research results, and deep analysis of the characteristics of empty cars distribution of heavy haul railway, the authors construct the feedback schematic model of empty cars in unloading end of heavy haul railway. The minimum quantity of the combined trains and the time for combination is taken as the model goal and solution algorithm on the basis of minimum cost and maximum flow is formulated. Daqin railway is taken as an example and relevant conclusions of feedback scheme of empty cars of heavy haul railway, through an analysis of calculation results, are drawn.