小波变换在信号去噪方面的应用研究

利用小波对信号去噪,是小波理论应用于实际的一个重要方面.介绍用于一维检测信号去噪的几种常用方法,在Matlab7.0系统仿真工具中实现了去噪算法,并对这几种算法的去噪效果进行了比较.     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

金属疲劳裂纹扩展率曲线与S-N曲线之间的关系

目前有两种不同的理论用于预报金属结构的疲劳寿命。一种是基于S－N曲线的累积疲劳损伤理论，另一种是基于裂纹扩展率曲线的疲劳裂纹扩展理论，如果都把一个构件的最终断裂作为疲劳破坏的定义，则S－N曲线和裂纹扩展率曲线均是反映金属在疲劳载荷作用下的基本材料特性。尽管在过去这两种曲线是分别测试的，但它们之间应该存在一些相互关系。本文的主要目的就是讨论它们之间的关系。基于S－N曲线的一个一般表达式和裂纹扩展率曲线的一个有代表性的表达式，本文建立了两种曲线之间的一个正式关系，这表明只需要测试一种曲线，而另一种曲线就可以根据已有的试验结果导出。文章以一个中央裂纹平板作为例子，演示了如何根据一种曲线推导另一种曲线。     

基于正态分布判别函数的航迹关联双门限算法

雷达和电子支援（Electronic Support Measurement，简称ESM）传感器的航迹关联是异类多传感器数据融合研究方面的重要前提。以往对于关联判别函数的选取，多采用X^2分布，这使得在某些实际应用中，通常会出现计算量大，确定门限闭值复杂的问题。基于正态分布关联判别函数的航迹关联双门限算法，在门限阈值的选取上直接采用正态分布中的分位数概念，避免了X^2分布中选取阂值的复杂过程。通过仿真试验，验证了决策规则的第一类风险和第二类风险，表明该方法能有效地判决航迹的关联问题。     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

小波变换用于列车振动信号消噪的研究

小波变换的重要应用之一就是用于信号的消噪。通常从列车上采集的振动信号都混有大量的噪声 ,现采用非线性小波阈值法对信号进行消噪 ,并利用阈值处理后的小波系数重建信号 ,从而得到有用的信号波形。实验结果表明该方法能有效的去除噪声 ,可靠性高 ,特别适用于信号中混有白噪声的情况     

决策树ID3算法的分析与优化

对ID3算法的基本概念和原理以及其分支策略和构造过程进行了详细阐述,针对ID3算法倾向于选择取值较多的属性的缺点,引进属性偏向阈和信息增益率对其做了改进,并利用凸函数的性质简化了ID3算法中信息增益的计算.通过实验对改进前后的算法进行了比较,实验表明,改进后的算法是有效的.     

混凝土构件直接粘贴CFRP加固的腐蚀界限研究

为弥补现有规范不足、解决不同腐蚀等级构件碳纤维加固效果参差不齐的问题,在氯化钠溶液中通电模拟海洋腐蚀环境,加速腐蚀出不同腐蚀程度的RC梁,粘贴CFRP加固后进行加载试验,通过分析不同腐蚀程度构件承载力损失和直接粘贴、凿除粘贴两种CFRP处理方式的加固效果,研究腐蚀等级对海工RC梁CFRP抗弯加固的影响,并探讨直接粘贴CFRP加固的腐蚀界限。结果表明,在低腐蚀等级条件下,直接粘贴CFRP加固能有效减小腐蚀梁在荷载作用下的主裂缝宽度,减缓梁开裂的时间,提高抗弯承载力和整体刚度,但随腐蚀等级的增加,这些作用越来越弱,当梁腐蚀裂缝宽度超过1 mm、主筋锈蚀率达15%时,直接粘贴CFRP加固已不再适合。     

城市道路跟驰车辆驾驶员视觉感知滞后效应的研究

根据驾驶员的视觉感知阈及城市道路交通特点，分别建立了城市道路中直道、弯道以及超车3种情况下跟驰车辆驾驶员视觉滞后时间的计算公式。从城市交通具体参数计算结果表明，跟驰车辆驾驶员总反应时间中视觉感知滞后时间是不可忽视的。     

Bus mathematical model of acceleration threshold limit estimation in lateral rollover test

Vehicle safety is a major concerns for researchers, governments and vehicle manufacturers, and therefore a special attention is paid to it. Particularly, rollover is one of the types of accidents where researchers have focused due to the gravity of injuries and the social impact it generates. One of the parameters that define bus lateral behaviour is the acceleration threshold limit, which is defined as the lateral acceleration from which the rollover process begins to take place. This parameter can be obtained by means of a lateral rollover platform test or estimated by means of mathematical models. In this paper, the differences between these methods are deeply analysed, and a new mathematical model is proposed to estimate the acceleration threshold limit in the lateral rollover test. The proposed model simulates the lateral rollover test, and, for the first time, it includes the effect of a variable position of the centre of gravity. Finally, the maximum speed at which the bus can travel in a bend without rolling over is computed.