Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

Study on the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset with solid axles in a railway turnout

ABSTRACT

Dynamic wheel–rail interaction in railway turnouts is more complicated than on ordinary track. In order to evaluate the derailment behaviour of railway wheelsets in railway turnouts, this paper presents a study of dynamic wheel–rail interaction during a wheel flange climbs on the turnout rails, by applying the elasticity positioning wheelset model. A numerical model is established based on a coupled finite element method and multi-body dynamics, and applied to study the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset in both the facing and trailing directions in a railway turnout, as well as dynamic wheel–turnout rail interaction during the wheel flange climbing on the turnout rails. The influence of the wheel–rail attack angle and the friction coefficient on the dynamic derailment behaviour is investigated through the proposed model. The results show that the derailment safety for a wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing direction is significantly lower than that for the trailing direction and the ordinary track. The possibility of derailment for the wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing and trailing directions at positive wheel–rail attack angles will increase with an increase in the attack angles, and the possibility of derailment can be reduced by decreasing the friction coefficient.     

机械和螺旋桨振动噪声作用下的物探船水下辐射噪声数值预报

探讨了考虑机械噪声和螺旋桨噪声共同作用下物探船水下辐射噪声有效计算方法,采用基于结构有限元-声学边界元的声固耦合模式直接一体化计算水下总辐射噪声级。建立了某物探船整船三维结构有限元模型以及流体声学边界元模型。在船体总振动响应分析基础上,将螺旋桨噪声以点声源的形式与机械振动源同时输入到统一声学环境中求解,对物探船水下辐射噪声进行数值预报,给出了物探船辐射噪声指向特性,并比较了两类噪声源一体化计算方法与直接叠加合成方法在物探船水下辐射噪声计算结果的差异。研究表明,采用机械噪声与螺旋桨噪声直接叠加合成总辐射声级的方法在工程精度上可接受,但一体化计算是更合理的处理方式。     

动力定位船舶桨-桨干扰处理策略研究

本文针对动力定位船舶在推力分配中桨-桨之间的水动力干扰问题,基于二次规划算法提出了一种改进的避免桨-桨干扰的策略。以一艘海洋平台供应船模型为研究对象,通过仿真验证了该算法可以有效地降低推进器的推力损失,提高船舶的定位精度,降低推进系统的能耗。     

高强铝合金加筋薄壁梁板元相互作用研究

本文进行了某典型高强铝合金加筋薄壁梁的弯剪承载特性研究。依据工程要求设计了三种缩尺试验模型:横向加筋薄壁梁、附加纵向止裂筋薄壁梁和腹板开口补强薄壁梁。静力加载试验表明:(1)试验件破坏均由受压翼缘的局部屈曲破坏导致,但是不同试验件的屈曲翼缘弯曲变形方向不同;(2)处于腹板受拉区的纵向止裂筋不影响结构承载特性;(3)特别地,试验发现跨中腹板开口补强引起了相邻梁段屈曲翼缘承载力显著提升,目前普遍认为横向加强筋隔开的板元之间无相互作用,因此可以认为这是一种新的板元承载力相互作用。进而,基于被试验验证的有限元模型进行了材料屈曲强度的参数化分析,并证实材料屈服强度越高,板元相互作用引起的屈曲翼缘的承载力变化幅度越大。     

重庆鱼洞长江特大桥地震反应分析

以重庆鱼洞长江大桥为研究对象,建立了大跨度高墩连续刚构桥的空间计算模型,考虑群桩与桩土效应,分析其动力特性,并运用反应谱法与时程分析法计算了一致激励及下大跨连续刚构的地震响应。分析结果表明:该桥动力特性符合设计要求,其横向地震响应比纵向大,具有良好的抗震性能。     

筏板基础与地基共同作用体系可靠性分析初探

为对筏板基础与地基共同作用体系可靠性分析进行探讨,建立了共同体系的计算公式。通过算例介绍了可靠性分析的计算过程,据此可进一步分析各种因素对可靠性的影响,为工程设计提供理论依据,也是后续进一步要做的工作。     

路基堆载下软土侧移对桥台桩基影响研究综述

根据国内外文献,综述现有路基堆载下软土侧向位移对桥台桩基影响的研究概况,着重介绍了桥台桩基在路基堆载下的变形规律试验、路堤下覆软土侧移对桩身的极限侧压力计算方法以及桩土相互作用计算方法等的研究成果,简要论述了存在的问题及今后进一步研究的方向。     

降雨入渗对黄土边坡破坏面的形成及滑动机理研究

以甘肃一黄土滑坡为例,将流固耦合理论引入边坡的稳定分析,结合数值分析软件FLAC,研究了边坡在不同降雨入渗深度下位移、速率的变化情况以及边坡破坏场的发展规律,提出了以位移和速率为标准的边坡稳定性评价方法。结果表明:随着降雨的入渗,位移和速率有不断增大的趋势,降雨入渗4m后,位移和速率显著增大,边坡破坏面处于贯通状态,坡体达到临界滑动速率,直至推动整个坡体向下滑动而形成推移式滑坡。     

载流管道振动数值仿真与实验测试

载流管路在舰船上有着广泛的应用,其振动对于船舶设备安全以及船舶噪声大小都有较大影响。本文利用有限元软件Ansys的MFX模块,对流固耦合作用下载流管振动进行了仿真分析,并通过振动测试实验对Ansys仿真计算结果进行了验证,二者的一致性较好。