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针对城市道路环境中驾驶人的应激响应操作时间特性,基于虚拟现实技术搭建了测试平台,对28名驾驶人在不同应激场景下的应激操作时间进行了研究.不同应激场景下的数据分析结果表明,非熟练驾驶人的应激操作时间要小于熟练驾驶人,且时间值较为稳定.青年驾驶人的操作时间值最小,且数据最为稳定.此外,随着车速的上升,驾驶人操作时间呈现下降趋势,两者之间符合对数函数关系.以驾驶经验、驾驶人年龄和车速为自变量,采用对数函数的多元线性预测模型能够对驾驶人的应激操作时间进行准确预测,被试样本实测值落在预测区间的比例达到了98.37%.     

基于同步多样性的公交时刻优化方法

分析了现有公交调度方法中大间隔发车、局部收敛与时间不协调等问题,以最大同时到站次数和最大同时到站车辆数量为优化目标,以末车定时、站点允许排队长度、服务质量、线路服务时间跨度为约束条件,建立了公交时刻优化方法,设计了基于网络选点规则和网络同步规则的求解算法。计算结果表明:当公交网络中存在2条线路与2个站点且发车时间在30min内时,应用提出的方法,在2个站点共产生3次同步,线路1的发车时刻分别为第5、15、20、30min,线路2的发车时刻分别为第0、10、30min;与现有方法相比,同步次数减少1次,发车时刻完全分布于规定时间内,消除了剩余时间,获得了非均匀化的发车间隔,体现了同步的多样性。     

利用GNSS时序分析辨识大跨桥梁结构荷载响应研究

使用小波分析、功率谱密度等方法,对武汉市阳逻大桥GNSS监测数据进行分析,识别并分离大桥不同位置结构车辆移动荷载响应、车辆振动荷载响应和噪声,首先去除噪声,然后利用信号不同频率特性,分离静态信号和动态信号,从而得到更为清晰的大跨度桥动力响应特性。     

路段按钮式人行横道信号控制方案设计

针对机动车和行人流量波动较大的路段,定时控制会导致相位浪费,对现有人行横道感应信号控制方案进行优化,提出新的按钮式感应控制方案。该方案首先检测路段车流,根据车流情况选择采用行人优先方案还是机动车优先方案进行行人相位配时,两种方案都保证机动车最小相位,同时也考虑行人的可忍耐时间。     

步行和自行车接驳轨道交通时空阈值研究

当前步行和自行车接驳轨道交通的理论研究和实践多侧重于设施指标水平,而对出行者心理考虑不足.在北京市某轨道交通车站周边进行问卷调查和现场模拟实验,深入分析影响步行和自行车接驳轨道交通的因素.同时得到使用步行和自行车接驳轨道交通的出行者对接驳距离和时间的敏感程度及接受度分布特征、接驳客流距离衰减特征等.利用非集计价格敏感度分析法量化步行和自行车接驳轨道交通的时空阈值,分别得到合理和最大的接驳距离和接驳时间.     

Reduced dwell times resulting from train–platform improvements: the costs and benefits of improving passenger accessibility to metro trains

Abstract

This paper examines whether a dwell time reduction on a high-intensity metro service, as a result of a series of accessibility enhancements, can contribute to an increased level of service and accessible public transport for passengers together with a reduction in costs for the operator. Actual train operation data were collected by on-site observations and from London Underground Ltd. A simple simulation is built to represent the effect on the overall cycle times of trains if certain parameters (e.g. dwell time) are changed. Four models are developed, concerning: (1) step height between train and platform, (2) an assumption of passenger service time to be no longer than 20 s, (3) door width and (4) the combination of step height and door width. From the application of the models it appears that the fourth model provides the highest reduction in dwell time and diminishes the overall cycle times of trains. However, it is the most expensive to implement as it requires work to raise platforms and the purchase of new rolling stock.     

What determines commute time choices? A structural equation modelling approach

Abstract

Many researchers have been attracted by the phenomenon of constant travel time, and the time spent on travel has been an important indicator of understanding travellers’ behaviours. This paper is based on a survey conducted in a university in London which includes both objective and subjective variables in relation to commute time and some demographic characteristics. Two conceptual structural models are examined in order to explore the factors determining travellers’ choices. Results of the analysis reveal some interesting relationships: (1) a positive relationship between age and commute time; (2) females are more likely to read or listen to music during their journeys, and their ideal commute time (ICT) and current commute time (CCT) generally tend to be longer; (3) academic staff tend to have the habit of working during their commute, administrative staff tend to commute longer while students tend to spend a shorter time commuting; (4) normally, a habit while travelling is significantly associated with CCT; those with a habit of reading or working during their commute journey tend to have longer commute times and (5) the relationship between CCT and commuters’ ICT and tolerable commute time is positive; both hypothesised causal relationships are significant so that a loop is formed between subjective and objective variables, and thus a dynamic modelling process could be envisaged as temporal sequences of those variables.     

A railway capacity determination model and rail access charging methodologies

This article discusses approaches to the determination of railway capacity and the significance of the following factors on capacity: mix of trains, length and weight of trains, direction of train travel, acceleration and deceleration, stopping protocols of trains, location and length of crossing loops, location of signals, length of sections, dwell times and sectional running times. A more accurate method to calculate railway capacity is developed using previously unaddressed aspects for capacity determination. Capacity and pricing are two key issues for organizations involved with open track access regimes. A train access charging methodology is therefore developed and incorporated into a railway capacity determination model.     

Optimal stop spacing and headway of congested transit system considering realistic wait times

Abstract

This paper revisits the classical transit scheduling problem and investigates the relationship between stop spacing and headway, considering realistic wait time and operable transit capacity. Headway and stop spacing are important determinants for planning a transit system, which influence the service level as well as the cost of operation. A mathematical model is developed, and the objective function is user travel time which is minimized by the optimized stop spacing and headway, subject to the constraints of operable fleet size and route capacity. Optimal stop spacing and headway solutions are obtained in a numerical example. Sensitivity analysis is conducted, and the effect of model parameters on user travel time is explored.