南安普敦市高速公路入口控制方案案例研究

高速公路入口控制最早于1996年出现在芝加哥市，现在北美及欧洲等国家广泛采用它来缓解高速公路交通拥挤状况。此论文研究了南安普敦市高速公路入口控制方案的案例（采用ALINEA）控制策略。研究的详细数据表明：高速公路入口控制系统对辅路上的车流、高速公路主干线上的车流、尤其是对高速公路第一车道入口汇合前的区域存在潜在影响。基于此案例研制高速公路的主干道的车流量和速度的轻微减小。     

城市快速交通网络运行管理策略研究

将网络交通流模型、匝道控制模型、基于可变信息标志(variable message sign,VMS)的路径选择模型等整合为一体,建立了网络交通整合控制模型.与各种边界条件相结合,测试了匝道控制和路径诱导的控制效果.结果表明,无路径诱导有匝道控制策略的路网总时间消耗(total time spent,TTS)减少仅3%;有路径诱导无匝道控制策略的路网TTS减少20%,但入口匝道排队长度很不均衡,最大达300辆;有匝道控制有路径诱导策略的路网TTS减少20%,入口匝道排队长度比较均衡.     

Local ramp metering with distant downstream bottlenecks: A comparative study

The well-known feedback ramp metering algorithm ALINEA can be applied for local ramp metering or included as a key component in a coordinated ramp metering system. ALINEA uses real-time occupancy measurements from the ramp flow merging area that may be at most a few hundred meters downstream of the metered on-ramp nose. In many practical cases, however, bottlenecks with smaller capacities than the merging area may exist further downstream, which suggests using measurements from those downstream bottlenecks. Recent theoretical and simulation studies indicate that ALINEA may lead to poorly damped closed-loop behavior in this case, but PI-ALINEA, a suitable Proportional-Integral (PI) extension of ALINEA, can lead to satisfactory control performance. This paper addresses the same local ramp-metering problem in the presence of far-downstream bottlenecks, with a particular focus on the employment of PI-ALINEA to tackle three distinct cases of bottleneck that may often be encountered in practice: (1) an uphill case; (2) a lane-drop case; and (3) an un-controlled downstream on-ramp case. Extensive simulation studies are conducted on the basis of a macroscopic traffic flow model to show that ALINEA is not capable of carrying out ramp metering in these bottleneck cases, while PI-ALINEA operates satisfactorily in all cases. A field application example of PI-ALINEA is also reported with regard to a real case of far downstream bottlenecks. With its control parameters appropriately tuned beforehand, PI-ALINEA is found to be universally applicable, with little fine-tuning required for field applications.     

A multi-class model-based control scheme for reducing congestion and emissions in freeway networks by combining ramp metering and route guidance

The paper proposes a multi-class control scheme for freeway traffic networks. This control scheme combines two control strategies, i.e. ramp metering and route guidance, in order to reduce the total time spent and the total emissions in a balanced way. In particular, the ramp metering and route guidance controllers are feedback predictive controllers, i.e. they compute the control actions not only on the basis of the measured system state, but also on the basis of the prediction of the system evolution, in terms of traffic conditions and traffic emissions. Another important feature of the controllers is that they have a multi-class nature: different classes of vehicles are considered and specific control actions are computed for each class. Since the controllers are based on a set of parameters that need to be tuned, the overall control framework also includes a module to properly determine the gains of the controllers. The simulation analysis reported in the paper shows the effectiveness of the proposed control framework and, in particular, the possibility of implementing control policies that are specific for each vehicle type.     

基于燃油计量阀的高压油泵动态特性仿真分析

以某型基于燃油计量阀的高压油泵为研究对象,在介绍其工作原理的基础上,利用AMESim软件建立高压油泵及共轨管的仿真模型,并通过高压油泵性能试验验证仿真模型的准确性,最后利用模型分析燃油计量阀控制信号的频率和占空比以及驱动轴转速对高压油泵动态特性的影响.结果表明:燃油计量阀控制信号的频率对高压油泵动态特性的影响较小,而燃油计量阀控制信号的占空比和驱动轴转速对高压油泵动态特性的影响较大.随着燃油计量阀控制信号占空比的减小以及驱动轴转速的增大,高压油泵输出高压燃油的响应加快,泵油能力增强.     

Definition of a merging assistant strategy using intelligent vehicles

In the area of active traffic management, new technologies provide opportunities to improve the use of current infrastructure. Vehicles equipped with in-car communication systems are capable of exchanging messages with the infrastructure and other vehicles. This new capability offers many opportunities for traffic management. This paper presents a novel merging assistant strategy that exploits the communication capabilities of intelligent vehicles. The proposed control requires the cooperation of equipped vehicles on the main carriageway in order to create merging gaps for on-ramp vehicles released by a traffic light. The aim is to reduce disruptions to the traffic flow created by the merging vehicles. This paper focuses on the analytical formulation of the control algorithm, and the traffic flow theories used to define the strategy. The dynamics of the gap formation derived from theoretical considerations are validated using a microscopic simulation. The validation indicates that the control strategy mostly developed from macroscopic theory well approximates microscopic traffic behaviour. The results present encouraging capabilities of the system. The size and frequency of the gaps created on the main carriageway, and the space and time required for their creation are compatible with a real deployment of the system. Finally, we summarise the results of a previous study showing that the proposed merging strategy reduces the occurrence of congestion and the number of late-merging vehicles. This innovative control strategy shows the potential of using intelligent vehicles for facilitating the merging manoeuvre through use of emerging communications technologies.     

Queue length estimation at metered freeway‐to‐freeway connectors

Freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is a cost‐effective and proven freeway management strategy for relieving recurrent congestion. However, one of the critical challenges in design and operation of freeway‐to‐freeway connector metering is the lack of up‐to‐date queue storage length design guidance. In this study, it was found that ramp queue is dynamically related to the metering rate, on‐ramp demand, and traffic flow arrival pattern. Hence, simply using an average demand cannot provide accurate queue length estimation and is also not suitable for queue storage design where the maximum or a percentile queue length is generally used. A mesoscopic queue length simulation model was developed based on the input–output method for estimating queue lengths under various demand‐to‐capacity ratio scenarios. Simulation results indicate that for under‐saturated situations, the ramp queue may exist temporally due to the random short‐term surge of traffic arrivals, and the exponential function could best capture the relationship between queue length and demand‐to‐capacity ratio. For over‐saturated situations, the ramp queue tends to prolong linearly with the demand‐to‐capacity ratio. Based on the simulation, it was recommended that queue storage length be designed as 4.3% of on‐ramp demand when demand is lower than 1200 vph or 2.3% when demand is between 1200 and 2400 vph. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公路计量支付实施技巧探讨

公路工程中,及时、准确地做好计量支付工作,才能有效地控制工程投资,保证工程质量,加快工程进度.结合项目实例.探讨公路工程中的计量支付和其实际应用技巧,为同行提供参考.     

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随着城市汽车保有量的不断增加,交通拥堵日益频繁;匝道控制是通过调节入口匝道车辆数,来缓解快速路匝道交汇处拥堵的有效方法.本文同时考虑快速路和入口匝道上的实时密度设计了匝道控制优化算法,该算法旨在控制快速路密度接近其最优值,同时减少匝道上的排队数;通过PARAMICS仿真软件对算法进行验证,并与ALINEA、Demand Capacity算法进行了比较,仿真模拟统计了快速路交通流密度、匝道排队数、总车辆行程时间以及下游流量数据.分析结果显示,实时密度控制算法是有效的,能够维持干线最大流量,保持路网交通条件的动态平衡,并且尽可能地减少排队长度.     

强化学习型匝道控制模型的研究

高速公路上的交通堵塞造成了道路利用效率低下,并伴随着能源消耗和环境污染问题,因此各种各样的高速公路控制方法应用于缓解交通堵塞。本文提出强化学习型匝道控制模型,该模型以交通流模拟为预测工具,以人工智能的强化学习为最优化选择模型,并具有一定的自主性、有记忆功能和性能反馈功能,且是一种动态的过程。应用JAVA针对不同的交通状态进行模拟再现,模拟结果表明匝道控制模型对于减少交通堵塞具有显著的效果。