我们能从道路交通拥堵中学到什么

随着高速公路监测手段的完善,高速公路运行数据日益丰富。通过深入挖掘、分析加州高速公路运行监测系统5年来收集的数据,从不同角度定量理解拥堵产生的原因,包括拥堵动态分析、交通瓶颈识别、匝道控制效益评价、出行时间预测等。此外,基于上述数据,以加州湾区HOV车道为例,通过分析通行能力损失、对比路段相同位置HOV限制与非限制时段车道流量及速度变化,定量评价了HOV车道的实施效果及其给其他车道带来的拥堵后果。上述各项研究均衡量了拥堵的严重程度及产生原因,并给出了相应的缓堵方法。     

浅析人力资源价值的会计计量方法

人力资源价值会计的计量主要不是以投入价值而是以产出价值作为人力资源价值的计量基础。这是在现有的国际形势和我国经济发展中逐渐得到认可和使用的,尤其是今年的新会计准则出台更加注重了对公允价值模式的计量和核算。研究了人力资源价值会计的主要计量方法,从而推动人力资源价值会计在我国的全面应用。     

Integrated feedback ramp metering and mainstream traffic flow control on motorways using variable speed limits

Ramp metering (RM) is the most direct and efficient tool for the motorway traffic flow management. However, because of the usually short length of the on-ramps, RM is typically deactivated to avoid interference of the created ramp queue with adjacent street traffic. By the integration of local RM with mainstream traffic flow control (MTFC) enabled via variable speed limits (VSL), control operation upstream of active bottlenecks could be continued even if the on-ramp is full or if the RM lower bound has been reached. Such integration is proposed via the extension of an existing local cascade feedback controller for MTFC-VSL by use of a split-range-like scheme that allows different control periods for RM and MTFC-VSL. The new integrated controller remains simple yet efficient and suitable for field implementation. The controller is evaluated in simulation for a real motorway infrastructure (a ring-road) fed with real (measured) demands and compared to stand-alone RM or MTFC-VSL, both with feedback and optimal control results. The controller’s performance is shown to meet the specifications and to approach the optimal control results for the investigated scenario.     

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本文基于快速路交通流分布参数系统模型,利用快速路交通流系统具有重复运行的显著特点,设计一种新的入口匝道分布参数迭代学习边界控制方案.所提出的方法采用带有反馈的PD-型控制律,不仅可以从以前重复过程中学习有用的知识,提高系统的控制精度;还可以有效的抑制当前运行过程中系统的量测噪声和扰动等不确定影响因素.该方法的另一个显著特点在于充分利用了快速路交通系统的分布参数模型描述,更全面地利用了系统的时空控制信息,从而提高了整个路段的控制性能.本文基于Matlab仿真进一步说明所提出方法的有效性和适用性.     

基于CAN总线的明渠流量遥测系统

介绍了一种基于CAN总线的明渠流量遥测计量系统的软硬件设计方案。其中分析了CAN总线的主要功能和技术指标,并论述了系统中终端机和前置机与CAN总线的接口方法。对整个系统的工作方式和性能指标也做了介绍。     

Gap metering for active traffic control at freeway merging sections

Freeway merging sections are critical segments that can recurrently activate peak-hour traffic congestion. This article proposes a novel vehicular gap control method as a new Active Traffic Management (ATM) strategy to be added to the existing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) toolboxes for freeway merge control. The proposed strategy, “Gap Metering,” can be considered a non-stopping mainline version of ramp metering. It utilizes signals advising mainline through vehicles to yield sufficient gaps for merging vehicles. Detailed system design and control methods are proposed and implemented in VISSIM (please spell out the abbreviation of VISSIM for this first instance), a microsimulation software package. Different driver behavior sets with different standstill headway values are created to allow switching between gap-metered vehicles and regular vehicles. We evaluate the proposed system through two VISSIM models built and calibrated, respectively, for both the I-894 corridor in Milwaukee, WI, and the Riverside Drive segment on I-35 northbound in Austin, TX. Both corridors experience severe morning peak-hour congestion. We use the I-894 corridor for testing the system design parameters and use the I-35 corridor to conduct a comparison with the ramp metering strategies. The I-894 results indicate an average of 10–20% network delay reduction among all scenarios. We then tested the scenario on the I-35 corridor and compared with the ALINEAR ramp metering. Gap metering strategies alone or combined with ramp metering can, respectively, reduce 17% and 27% more total delay than ramp metering only control at 20% compliance rate.     

确定性空域容量约束下的区域流量管理优化模型

为解决区域内空中交通拥挤问题,以最小化总权重延误和最小化区域外权重延误为优化目标,通过决策偏好参数关联两个优化目标,在确定性扇区容量约束的基础上,增加了流量尾随间隔限制约束和扇区最大允许延误时间约束,构建了满足区域性流量管理实际运行约束条件的基于时间计量的流量管理整数规划模型.选取中南区域的实际空域和航班计划数据,采用CPLEX优化软件求解模型.结果表明:目标函数中的决策偏好参数能调节两个优化目标;新增的约束条件能满足实际运行需求和保证策略的可实施性,即在实施生成的策略时不产生额外的管制员工作负荷.     

城市快速路入口匝道神经模糊控制

综合考虑神经网络的学习能力、优化能力及连接式结构和模糊逻辑类似于人思维方式并易于嵌入专家知识的特点,将神经网络和模糊逻辑算法共同应用于城市快速路入口匝道驶入控制系统中. 通过优化选择输入输出变量并对其进行模糊化和反模糊化处理,建立相应的模糊推理规则、关系生成方法及推理合成算法,并利用神经自适应训练方法确定隶属函数的形式和参数,最后给出应用示例. 研究结果表明,利用神经模糊原理进行快速路入口匝道驶入控制能够有效提高匝道连接段的利用效率,减少交通事故.