汽油机点火正时微处理机自适应控制系统的研究

本文介绍了一种利用微处理机自适应控制汽油机最佳点火正时的系统。该系统由一单板微处理机和一套全晶体管电子点火装置组成,反馈信号由汽油机转速传感器检取。汽油机稳定工况的台架试验和整车道路试验表明:用这种自适应控制点火系统与用机械分电器装置相比,汽油机的输出功率增大,油耗率下降,整车的动力性和燃油经济性得到提高。     

The opening of the Amsterdam Ring Road

This paper presents the results of a major before-and-after study carried out to establish the short term effects of the removal of a severe bottleneck in the road network around Amsterdam. An important focus in the study was on measuring changes in the timing of travel, as well as changes in route choice, mode choice, destination choice and frequency of travel. The results of the study indicated that, in the short run, there was little or no change in mode choice, nor was there significant emergence of new induced trips. On the other hand, large shifts in time of travel as well as route choice were reported, emphasising the importance of alterations to the timing and routes of existing trips when congestion is relieved, and the need to consider the benefits these bring in evaluating the impact of any road investment.     

大功率柴油机和气体机可变气门技术

针对大功率发动机和燃气机,为提高进气控制的灵活性ABB涡轮增压系统有限公司提出了一种新型可变气门正时系统.介绍了这种可变气门正时系统的设计、试验和市场应用潜力的预期.     

基于喷射正时的柴油机燃烧和排放研究

基于集成电控单体泵柴油机,讨论了喷射正时对柴油机燃烧及排放特性的影响规律。喷射正时对滞燃期和速燃期有显著的影响,从而影响放热规律、缸内压力和燃烧温度,进而对NOx和PM排放特性有显著的影响。在中大负荷下,随着喷射正时的滞后,放热率曲线相对于上止点的相位滞后,缸内最高燃烧温度下降,NOx排放下降,PM排放升高。在中小负荷下,随着喷射正时的进一步滞后,NOx和PM的排放同时下降。     

点火正时对电控稀燃天然气发动机性能的影响

试验研究了点火正时对电控稀燃多点喷射天然气发动机燃烧及排放性能的影响规律。对该发动机转速为1 450 r/min,1 750 r/min,2 050 r/min,负荷为25%,50%,75%,100%的12个工况点进行了试验研究。研究结果表明,在其他燃烧边界条件不变的情况下,点火正时对该发动机输出扭矩及CH4排放影响不大,但是在2 050 r/min,100%负荷工况下,随着点火正时的进一步后移,出现扭矩下降及CH4排放增加的现象。点火正时对NOx排放有显著的影响,同一工况下,随着点火正时的推移,NOx排放明显降低。     

某轮高压油泵VIT机构故障分析和预防措施探讨

文章以某轮高压油泵VIT机构发生的故障为例，结合VIT机构的结构组成和调节特性，分析其故障原因．并给出了VIT机构的日常管理注意事项，为提高轮机管理人员的管理水平提供借鉴。     

Prohibited–permitted right-turn phasing strategy based on capacity analysis of right-turn movements

In traffic-crowded metropolitan areas, such as Shanghai and Beijing in China, right-turn vehicles that operate with a permitted phase at signalized intersections are normally permitted to filter through large numbers of pedestrians and bicycles. To alleviate such conflicts and improve safety, traffic engineers in Shanghai introduced a prohibited–permitted right-turn operation, adding a subphase to the permitted phase in which right-turns are prohibited. Unfortunately, the prohibited subphase would reduce the capacity of right-turn movements when it prohibits right turns even if there are few pedestrians and bicycles crossing the street. This paper aims at quantifying the impact of both non-vehicular flows and the prohibited subphase on the right-turn capacity, and then proposes a strategy to determine appropriate prohibited–permitted right-turn operation that minimizes the capacity reduction caused by the prohibited subphase. To achieve this goal, we improved the pedestrian and bicycle adjustment factor described in the Highway Capacity Manual by taking into account: (1) the variety in space competition between pedestrians and bicycles, and (2) the effect of two conflict zones in each phase on right-turn operation. In addition, we revised the capacity estimation model in the Highway Capacity Manual, and developed a model based on bicycle/pedestrian volume fluctuation to describe the capacity reduction due to both non-vehicular flows and the prohibited subphase. Furthermore, we proposed a timing strategy for the onset and duration of appropriate prohibited subphase. When bicycle and pedestrian volumes are low, the actuated strategy turns to the permitted phase. When these volumes are moderate, the strategy turns to the prohibited–permitted operation. With the volumes increasing, the prohibited subphase onset advances and duration increases. In these two scenarios, the new strategy has higher right-turn capacity than the current pretimed prohibited–permitted operation. Unfortunately, when bicycle and pedestrian volumes are high, the strategy yields similar right-turn capacity. However, the new prohibited subphase has less potential vehicle–bicycle and vehicle–pedestrian conflicts.     

路段人行横道二次过街感应式信号控制算法设计

在现有感应控制二次过街系统中,道路两边以及安全岛按钮控制多为分开控制,没有相互协调,行人在安全岛等待时间过长易导致违章过街等问题。在一次过街感应控制算法基础上,结合二次过街相关理论、机动车与行人延误机理以及行人过街信号配时理论,提出"人行绿波"协调思路,对路段二次过街感应控制算法进行设计,并应用Vissim软件进行仿真验证,结果显示设计感应控制算法能有效地降低行人和机动车延误。     

快速公交预感应信号优先协调控制策略

提出了一种考虑交叉口协调控制的预感应公交信号优先策略,包括两个部分:信号配时优化和协调控制.假设公交车行驶时间已知的情况下,该策略通过按绿信比分配理想时间差和基于公交车站点时空距离转换的改进数解法来实现交叉口的配时优化和协调控制.为了获得该策略的实施效果,以常州市通江南路两相邻交叉口的单个方向为例,设计了四种信号控制情景(无优先、传统优先、预感应优先和预感应协调优先),并利用微观仿真软件VISSIM进行仿真分析.结果表明,四种情景中预感应协调优先策略大大减小了公交在交叉口的延误,提升了公交服务的可靠性,并且对社会车流的干扰最小.     

呼和浩特火车站交叉口交通组织优化分析研究

针对呼和浩特火车站交叉口的交通组织方式和信号配时进行实地调查,并对当前组织方式下的交通运行状况进行分析,以车辆安全畅通运行及延误时间短为目标,提出适合该路口交通条件的提前放行左转的保护加许可型信号配时优化方案,并应用synchro进行仿真,仿真结果表明该优化方案有效提高了交叉口通行能力且降低了延误时间。