水泥稳定砂砾就地冷再生工艺及其节能环保意义

道路损坏后路基和路面材料的再生利用不仅能够节约大量宝贵的筑路材料,而且具有重要的环境保护意义。采用冷再生技术将原有旧路面材料以专用机械作业方式进行就地再生,并将其作为水泥稳定砂砾摊铺在原有道路上并作为新铺道路的基础是实现上述理念的成功尝试。     

Second best toll and capacity optimisation in networks: solution algorithm and policy implications

This paper looks at the first and second best jointly optimal toll and road capacity investment problems from both policy and technical oriented perspectives. On the technical side, the paper investigates the applicability of the constraint cutting algorithm for solving the second best problem under elastic demand which is formulated as a bilevel programming problem. The approach is shown to perform well despite several problems encountered by our previous work in Shepherd and Sumalee (Netw. Spat. Econ., 4(2): 161–179, 2004). The paper then applies the algorithm to a small sized network to investigate the policy implications of the first and second best cases. This policy analysis demonstrates that the joint first best structure is to invest in the most direct routes while reducing capacities elsewhere. Whilst unrealistic this acts as a useful benchmark. The results also show that certain second best policies can achieve a high proportion of the first best benefits while in general generating a revenue surplus. We also show that unless costs of capacity are known to be low then second best tolls will be affected and so should be analysed in conjunction with investments in the network.

Expertise in decision-making for large infrastructure projects: from UK trunk roads to High Speed Rail 2

At the decision-making stage, a large-scale infrastructure project is essentially a broad concept, and this means the expert analyses will differ from each other and become contested over time, leading to the emergence of rival narratives. It is only where there is a limited range of expert analyses that the bases for decision-making will remain relatively clear-cut. Over time the contested nature of expertise can significantly inhibit the construction of effective narratives, either for or against the project, and also make decision-making more complex and problematic. Decision makers may also seek greater clarification through the construction of narratives that rise above these disputed areas of expertise, and the scientific evidence becomes less important. This paper examines the changing nature of contested expertise through a comparative analysis of political decision-making between UK trunk roads policy and the case of High Speed Rail 2, through the framework of epistemic communities.     

基于模糊模式识别的城市道路安全状况综合评价

针对影响城市道路安全状况的因素众多且具有模糊性的特点,采用模糊模式识别与模糊综合评价相结合的评价模型来评价城市道路安全状况.建立了城市道路安全状况综合评价指标体系,应用层次分析法确定了指标权重,应用集值统计法对指标特征值进行了量化.通过对大连市黄河路的评价实例证明,该模型实用性较强,可用于完善道路安全设计及辅助道路安全管理.     

高速公路ETC收费模式比较与测试方法

为保证整个ETC系统的可靠运行,需要对整个系统的功能进行严格测试,测试方案包括:室内测试、现场测试、系统指标测试和软件测试等内容.分别对组合式收费方式和主副卡式收费方式两种ETC收费方式进行测试,分析比较这两种ETC方式的优缺点,以确定适合路网实际情况的方式.最后,以苏南路网为例进行验证测试,并得出验证结论.     

国有收费公路企业全要素生产率测度及提升路径研究

近年来,收费公路行业绩效问题愈发凸显,但针对政府还贷公路运营载体的国有收费公路企业的研究却相对匮乏.为此,以2000～2019年21家国有收费公路企业的面板数据为研究样本,基于半参数估计法及Sequential-Malmquist指数法对国有收费公路企业全要素生产率(TFP)及其变动的内在结构性因素进行实证测度,得到如...     

基于生命周期理论的我国收费公路发展分析

收费公路类似自然生命,其成长和发展必然为一个具有若干阶段的连续过程。基于生命周期理论,对我国收费公路体系生命周期进行了探讨和分析。结果表明,2000年以后,我国收费公路进入成熟期;在2030年达到峰值后,收费公路在总量上开始缩减,进入衰退期,新的发展趋势也将逐渐体现。     

一般收费道路通行费收入实用预测方法研究

重点探讨实际道路规划项目中一般收费道路的收费收入预测方法,目的在于尽可能使收费收入预测更为精确。在我国,高速公路通常采用依靠征收通行费以偿还投资借贷的方式进行建设,因此在规划的过程中需要对通行费收入进行预测,并进行财务分析,以保证决策者做出正确的投资决策。以笔者在日本从事的高速公路建设项目为例,分析研究了基于实用型交通量增量分配方法结合使用车种转换矩阵的高速公路路网中一般收费道路通行费收入的预测方法,并将其应用到实际道路项目财务评价中。结果表明通过控制收费道路出入口间交通量预测精度,以及采用需求相关性较大的车种转换调查数据可以提高通行费预测精度。研究表明这一方法具有很强的实用性,该方法对我国的高速公路需求预测有着借鉴作用。     

基于多层环路形态的上海中环路交通功能分析

借鉴多层环路系统已有研究成果．归纳其形成机理。结合上海市路网在中环浦西段建成前后流量对比．分析中环对于内环和外环的影响。并进一步依据环路功能划分．阐述上海市中环路所承担的主要功能。     

基于仿真的公路收费站通行能力研究

通过对公路收费站交通流运行特征和分布特性的分析,建立了公路收费站通行能力的系统动力学仿真模型.模型考虑了不同车型服务时间分布的差异以及车辆选择排队队列的实际因素,可以对不同交通量和交通组成下公路收费站的通行能力以及车辆排队延误等服务水平指标进行仿真分析.研究表明,仿真模型较传统模型更贴近现实;大、中型车特别是大型车对收费口通行能力的影响要高于小汽车.但由于问题的复杂性,应综合考虑收费站类型、交通量和交通组成等因素,使用不同的车型折算系数来分析收费站的实际通行能力.