Modelling and control of a new differential steering concept

This paper presents a new steer-by-wire concept using an all-wheel drive vehicle layout with in-wheel motors while completely omitting the application of any dedicated steering device. Steering is based on the so-called differential steering principle which generates the necessary steering moment about the kingpins by a traction force difference between left and right sides of the vehicle. In order to investigate the behaviour of the vehicle and to design the underlying control algorithms, a planar vehicle model is presented, where the vehicle is described as constrained non-holonomic system requiring a special treatment. A state feedback linear controller for controlling of the lateral dynamics of the vehicle at higher speeds and a simple PI angle controller for low-speed manoeuvring are developed. The resulting behaviour of the system is investigated by various simulation experiments demonstrating a comparable steering performance of the new steering concept as that of conventional passenger cars.     

面向车联网多点协作联合传输的安全认证与密钥更新方法

未来基于车联网的车路协同和自动驾驶场景要求车-车/车-路等网络通信在保证数据安全的前提下,具备低时延、高可靠的特性,从而保证车辆的行驶安全以及车/人的信息安全。LTE-V2X作为车联网通信方案之一,LTE的多点协作联合传输（Coordinated Multiple Points-Joint Transmission,CoMP-JT）技术不仅可以减少车辆在高速行驶过程中进行基站（Evolved Node B,eNB）切换时的通信中断,还能通过多个基站的协同传输来辅助提高网络的数据传输性能。然而当前LTE标准中的安全密钥管理方案无法满足多点协作联合传输过程中的密钥管理场景。针对该问题,提出一种可用于LTE-V2X车联网通信中多点协作传输切换的安全密钥生成与更新算法。该算法由车辆生成基站切换请求并使用随机数、共享密钥、目标基站公钥对切换请求进行加密、广播;基于密码学特性,目标基站不仅可基于私钥从密文请求中计算出共享密钥,还可以计算得到后续的会话密钥;车辆则可以基于目标基站位置信息、生成请求时的随机数计算出会话密钥,从而实现在只需要1次密钥传输的前提下,达成车辆与基站之间的密钥共享和密钥更新,并从密码学角度针对该密钥生成与更新算法进行验证分析。研究结果表明：在LTE-V2X多点协作传输时的基站切换过程中,该算法能够确保车辆与基站进行后向/前向密钥分离的安全认证以及会话密钥建立;与传统方案相比,所提方法可减少26.4%的基站切换过程中引入的通信时延,基站信道负载均仅为传统方案的1/2,并且随基站小区范围内车辆数目增加,基站的信道负载也仅线性增加,提升了该算法在LTE-V2X车联网场景中的适用性。     

基于分布式压密传感器的隧道衬砌防脱空主动监测

为解决二次衬砌脱空的问题,实现在浇筑过程中对衬砌脱空的主动监测,结合隧道二次衬砌衬背脱空的成因,研发基于分布式压密传感器的隧道衬砌脱空主动监测系统。该系统由分布式压密传感带、延长线、直显终端及工业电脑组成,具有原理简单、安装便捷等优点。通过在衬砌层间预埋分布式压密传感器,对浇筑过程进行主动监测,结合带模注浆技术,实现对衬砌脱空的精准注浆与快速处治,有效解决隧道衬砌脱空问题。在验证试验中,系统在浇筑过程中共发现2处拱顶空洞,证明该系统对脱空监测的有效性。同时,该系统在国内部分重点铁路线已经取得应用,现场应用情况表明,该系统对二次衬砌拱顶脱空的识别准确率可达到95.5%。     

Evaluating determinants of attractiveness and their cause-effect relationships for container ports in Taiwan: users’ perspectives

The attractiveness of ports is usually a pre-requisite and necessary condition for ports to achieve competitiveness, as well as the springboard to explore the competitive advantages of ports. To determine whether a port is competitive, it is necessary to explore whether it boasts certain factors that make the port attractive to users. The main purpose of this article is to apply the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique to evaluate key determinants of attractiveness and their cause/effect relationships for container ports in Taiwan. The empirical results showed that: (1) Top six determinates of attractiveness for container ports are ‘ample cargo sources,’ ‘favorable port charges,’ ‘dense ship network and routes,’ ‘low transshipment costs,’ ‘efficient wharf operations,’ and ‘adequate wharfs and back-line land,’ respectively. (2) Among the above six determinants of attractiveness, ‘ample cargo sources’ is the cause determinant. Three determinants of port attractiveness, ‘favorable port charges,’ ‘dense ship network and routes,’ ‘low transshipment costs,’ which are the effect determinants. They are affected by the determinants of attractiveness of ‘ample cargo sources’. In addition, this study discusses the above findings and expects to provide the study results to Taiwan’s port authorities for reference.     

A maritime safety on-board decision support system to enhance emergency evacuation on ferryboats

Planning emergency evacuation operations in a proactive manner in public marine transportation systems is a critical success factor for passenger and crew safety. Despite the fact that there is a growing attention on safety issues for marine transportation systems, providing a real-time decision support for evacuation planning under different emergency conditions has not yet been addressed. In this context, this paper contributes to the related literature by providing a comprehensive methodology including simulation and statistical analysis along with a three-module decision support system (DSS) for ferryboat emergency evacuation. Emergency evacuation and fire environment are simulated via Maritime EXODUS V5.1 and SMARTFIRE V4.3, respectively. The methodology is applied to a real-life Ro-Ro ferry, and the results not only revealed significant factors on emergency evacuation performance, but also demonstrated the validity of the developed decision support system.     

隧道数字化火灾预警系统的在线量化评估

为检查和评价隧道及地下空间火灾预警系统的实际功能,需要一套可行的在线评估手段。根据近年来国内外全尺寸隧道火灾发展曲线的试验结果,提出隧道火情的定义依据;引用运营隧道内准分布式光纤光栅感温火灾探测器的实测数据,证明运营中隧道报警系统的个性化现象;提出合格的数字化报警系统应存在一个在统计学意义上使漏报率和误报率同时达到期望值的合理阈值取值区间;建议以该区间的尺度作为该系统功能完好性的评估指标;对日常隧道运行温度数据的统计分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的下限,对规定条件下的现场点火试验温度数据分析可估计合理阈值取值区间的上限。在隧道运营期该区间尺度可实时在线自动更新。     

高精度准实时监测防波堤抛石的软件开发

在长周期波浪、作业窗口少等不利海况条件下,传统的多波束监测技术精度仅为±10 cm、效率也较低。依托以色列阿什杜德港工程,基于多波束通用格式数据,采用有验潮和无验潮两种测量模式,分析各种误差来源,并对多种滤波算法进行对比,开发出多波束高精度自动化后处理软件。结果表明,该软件可实现不利海况条件下的防波堤边坡抛石状态准实时监测,精度可达±5 cm。     

填海工程BIM技术开发与应用

针对当前通用BIM建模软件无法反映填海工程的大沉降量问题,基于商用BIM软件进行二次开发,创建了填海工程BIM应用管理平台。平台支持监测数据的实时导入,实现了BIM模型与施工期沉降监测数据的动态关联。该平台可通过读取钻孔数据实现BIM模型生成,支持4种填海工程常用的监测数据分析与管理功能;并可以调用Navisworks软件实现施工进度与工程量的管理。此外,开发的专用数据库网站,利用配置权限、异地备份、数据加密等手段,提供数据存储、安全策略、数据归档的一整套解决方案。平台成功应用于实际工程中,效果良好。     

船用厨房和具有烹调设备的配餐室的通风计算及空气处理方法

本文介绍了ISO 9943-2009国际标准和GBT 20846-2007中国国家标准中对船用厨房和具有烹调设备的配餐室的通风计算及空气处理中提出的送风量的计算方法,提出另一种更易于大家理解和接受的简易计算方法和空气处理过程,供工程技术及设计研究人员参考。     

福州轨道交通建设安全管控平台的设计与应用

福州城市轨道交通建设规模不断增大,复杂的地质、环境条件以及众多工种施工的交叉作业和人员活动,给安全生产带来挑战。针对建设全过程安全管控的具体业务关系和需求分析,梳理和固化工作岗位、职责、流程、响应、整改等安全管理的事项和要求,强化对管控过程的追溯和考核管理。研究信息平台的业务需求、平台架构、网络拓扑、功能模块、数据库设计方法和实现思路,利用Ssm框架、Quartz框架、Encache技术以及SQLServer数据库技术,设计开发基于B/S模式的城市轨道交通安全管控信息系统,应用于在建的5条线路。信息平台的应用,可实现安全管理的标准化、科学化和精细化,极大地提高管理水平和工作效率。