Does the income elasticity of road traffic depend on the source of income?

An extensive body of literature addresses the income elasticity of road traffic, in which income is typically treated as a homogenous quantity. Here we report evidence of heterogeneity in cross-sectional estimates of the elasticity of vehicle-kilometres of travel (VKT) with respect to income, when household income is disaggregated on the basis of income source.The results are generally intuitive, and show that the cross-sectional income elasticity of road traffic is not homogeneous as is typically specified in transport planning models. We show that in a number of circumstances the cross-sectional elasticity with respect to aggregate household income is of the opposite sign in comparison to more refined estimates of elasticity disaggregated by income source. If further research confirms that the elasticities we report here are causal in nature, neglecting the elemental effects could result in misleading results affecting practical infrastructure-investment and policy decisions, particularly as the mix of income sources shifts (e.g. if, as society ages, pension income increases as a share of all income).These results are of interest to both researchers and forecasters of travel demand, as well as designers of future travel survey instruments; the latter group must decide how to generate data about respondents’ income. Current expert guidance is to collect a single estimate of aggregate income at the household level. Future travel survey design choices will bound the analyses that can be supported by the resulting survey data, and therefore methodological research to re-visit the trade-offs associated with such choices is warranted.     

An evaluation framework for traffic calming measures in residential areas

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of various traffic calming measures from the perspectives of traffic performance and safety, and environmental and public health impacts. The proposed framework was applied to four calming measures – two types of speed humps, speed tables, and chicanes – to demonstrate its usefulness and applicability. A field experiment using probe vehicles equipped with global positioning system devices was conducted to obtain vehicle trajectory data for use in more realistic simulations. In addition, a recently developed vehicle emissions model was used for more accurate evaluation of environmental and public health impacts. The results show that chicane is better than the other types of traffic calming measures considered, except in terms of vehicle emissions.     

Traffic noise studies in a tropical environment

This paper reports upon a survey of traffic noise annoyance in three residential districts of Trinidad, West Indies. Householder perceptions were solicited by means of a questionnaire survey and direct measurements of traffic noise levels were taken. The results were compared with surveys elsewhere. It was concluded that household status had little effect on annoyance perception, that at L₁₀ levels greater than 70 dB(A) at a dwelling facade the noise level is unacceptable. L₁₀ levels less than 65 dB(A) at the building facade are not perceived as annoying in the environment considered.     

交通工程中的防雷技术应用探讨

目前国内的交通工程中并没有很好地应用防雷技术，使得很多交通工程在遭受到雷电的干扰后不能尽快采取相应的应急措施．因此由雷电所带来的损失也不可小视。鉴于此，阐述将防雷技术应用到交通工程中的特殊性及其各类注意事项．以此促进防雷技术在交通工程中的推广和应用。     

基于环境的道路交通安全分析

介绍了道路交通安全环境的涵义,分析了道路交通安全环境中的软环境和硬环境,提出了改善我国道路交通安全环境的相关措施。     

重载交通沥青路面设计指标研究

重载交通地区车辆超载严重，路面质量下降迅速，严重影响了车辆的行驶速度和运行安全。沥青路面结构设计重点考虑沥青面层的疲劳开裂、半刚性基层的开裂和车辙三个方面的临界破坏情况。采用ANSYS有限元软件进行路面结构力学响应分析和常用沥青路面结构应力应变分析。     

A programmable calculation procedure for number of traffic conflict points at highway intersections

Traffic movement conflict points at intersections are the points at which traffic movements intersect (including crossing, merging, and diverging). Numbers and distribution of different types of conflict points are used to evaluate intersection access management designs and safety performance. Traditionally, the determination of the numbers of conflict points for different traffic movements is based on manual methods, which causes the difficulty for computerized procedures to evaluate safety performance of different access management designs. Sometimes, a programmable calculation procedure may provide more effective solutions as compared with manual methods. This paper presents a programmable calculation procedure for the determination of the numbers of conflict points, which could be used as a basis for a computerized procedure. Concepts of virtual movement lanes and intersection quadrants are introduced to specify types of intersections, traffic lane configurations, and traffic movement regulations. Calculation models, based on such concepts, for traffic movement conflict points at signalized and unsignalized intersections can be obtained. In support of the procedure, case studies are presented in the paper. The procedure presented in the paper can be programmed into a computer program for the purpose of a computerized evaluation of intersection safety and design performance of different access management or control approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重庆市两江新区疏唐互通立交方案设计浅析

重庆市两江新区基础设施快速建设,港口、码头、铁路、公路、城市道路之间相互交叉影响,以疏唐互通立交为例,浅述如何解决各项基础设施建设之间的矛盾,确保项目的顺利实施。     

高速公路左侧路肩设置必要性研究

尽管<公路工程技术标准>(JTG B01-2003)中规定八车道的高速公路应当设置2.5 m的左侧硬路肩,但国内几条刚刚改建完成的八车道高速公路中没有一条设置了左侧硬路肩,甚至没有宽于0.75 m的路缘带.研究运用可接受间隙理论计算了不同流量和车道数条件下车辆从最内侧车道穿插变道停驶到右侧路肩这一过程的概率和所需距离,并通过交通事故数据调研,分析了左侧路肩设置对提高交通安全的影响,从运行效率和交通安全两个方面定性和定量分析了左侧路肩设置的必要性.