Bike route choice modeling using GPS data without choice sets of paths

Concerned by the nuisances of motorized travel on urban life, policy makers are faced with the challenge of making cycling a more attractive alternative for everyday transportation. Route choice models can help achieve this objective by gaining insights into the trade-offs cyclists make when choosing their routes and by allowing the effect of infrastructure improvements to be analyzed. We estimate a link-based bike route choice model from a sample of GPS observations in the city of Eugene on a network comprising over 40,000 links. The so-called recursive logit (RL) model (Fosgerau et al., 2013) does not require to sample any choice set of paths. We show the advantages of this approach in the context of prediction by focusing on two applications of the model: link flows and accessibility measures. Compared to the path-based approach which requires to generate choice sets, the RL model proves to make significant gains in computational time and to avoid paradoxical accessibility measure results discussed in previous works, e.g. Nassir et al. (2014).     

Tradable network permits: A new scheme for the most efficient use of network capacity

Akamatsu et al. (2006) proposed a new transportation demand management scheme called “tradable bottleneck permits” (TBP), and proved its efficiency properties for a single bottleneck model. This paper explores the properties of a TBP system for general networks. An equilibrium model is first constructed to describe the states under the TBP system with a single OD pair. It is proved that equilibrium resource allocation is efficient in the sense that the total transportation cost in a network is minimized. It is also shown that the “self-financing principle” holds for the TBP system. Furthermore, theoretical relationships between TBP and congestion pricing (CP) are discussed. It is demonstrated that TBP has definite advantages over CP when demand information is not perfect, whereas both TBP and CP are equivalent for the perfect information case. Finally, it is shown that the efficiency result also holds for more general demand conditions.     

Agent-based simulation framework for mixed traffic of cars,pedestrians and trams

In this paper, we report on the construction of a new framework for simulating mixed traffic consisting of cars, trams, and pedestrians that can be used to support discussions about road management, signal control, and public transit. Specifically, a layered road structure that was designed for car traffic simulations was extended to interact with an existing one-dimensional (1D) car-following model and a two-dimensional (2D) discrete choice model for pedestrians. The car model, pedestrian model, and interaction rules implemented in the proposed framework were verified through simulations involving simple road environments. The resulting simulated values were in near agreement with the empirical data. We then used the proposed framework to assess the impact of a tramway extension plan for a real city. The simulation results showed that the impact of the proposed tramway on existing car traffic would not be serious, and by extension, implied that the proposed framework could help stakeholders decide on expansion scenarios that are satisfactory to both tram users and private car owners.     

Japanese perspective of driver information systems

A perspective view of of Japanese R&D activities of Driver Information Systems is given from the standpoint of developing joint projects by public and private sectors. First, a brief history of the R&D activities is illustrated from above mentioned standpoint. Then, two major projects, AMTICS and RACS, and the social backgrounds of these projects are explained. In order to give a clear idea of both projects some technical details are treated.Based on the history and the present status of the developments, the basic design conceptions of Japanese Driver Information Systems are explained and several factors or reasons which have influenced to the design conception are discussed. Then, the promoting systems of the R&D activities are generally explained and present status of the projects and future problems in developing more advanced systems are also handled. A brief discussion on the establishment of international standard is also mentioned as a final comment.     

城市公交线路模态工况构建方法研究

采用GPS设备对西安城市公交典型线路的运行工况进行实测,分别运用瞬态转模态方法和多目标优化法构建出城市客车模态工况.以8个特征参数相对误差为标准,对两种方法的精度进行了对比研究.研究表明,两种方法均能有效地完成工况构建,其中多目标优化法精度最高,瞬态转模态方法简单快捷,从而为工况构建方法的选取提供了思路和数据验证.     

道路交通事故痕迹鉴定确定肇事车辆

道路交通事故检验鉴定为公安机关交通管理部门的事故处理提供科学、专业的技术支持。检查和核实道路交通事故的影响是对道路交通事故技术评估的基本方法。已成为解决许多事故问题的重要依据。本文根据道路交通事故痕迹鉴定的实际情况,针对公安机关交通管理部门涉及复杂、疑难、特殊技术问题的痕迹鉴定情况,提出了针对性的解决方案。     

基于交通信息的电动汽车制动策略及仿真

为了提高滑行能量回收经济性和踏板制动安全性、舒适性,基于交通信息,提出了电动汽车(EV)制动协调策略。分析了滑行制动的经济性,由交通信息和汽车行驶状态确定滑行制动强度;由道路信息和前方车辆信息建立汽车安全距离模型和碰撞预警策略,利用预警信息对滑行制动和踏板制动强度进行协调。对本策略进行仿真验证。结果表明:利用交通信息的滑行策略,在通行良好工况下综合能耗减少1.1%,拥堵工况下减轻驾驶员的制动疲劳;预警和协调策略避免了频繁预警,减小了紧急避撞触发几率。因此,利用交通信息能够辅助驾驶员进行更加合理的制动。     

安康市汉江景观桥设计方案研究

安康依汉江而建,桥位处周边建筑具有重要的历史文化意义,且桥位两边连接安康重要的街道和火车站。汉江景观桥在桥位走向、桥型选择与周边历史文化的契合度、景观桥与汉江两边道路的衔接等方面是重点研究的课题,从设计思路、功能定位、桥位比较、桥型方案、造价等对安康市汉江景观桥设计方案进行了研究。     

基于车辆加速度数据的互通立交匝道驾驶风险分析

为明确互通立交匝道的运行特性和驾驶风险,在重庆市南山立交和江南立交开展了超过30位被试者的小客车实车驾驶试验,通过Speedbox和Mobileye等车载高精度仪器采集了小客车在4条迂回式匝道上的连续运行数据,包括行驶速度、横向加速度、纵向加速度等,明确了迂回式匝道的车辆运行状态,然后运用表征横、纵向加速度关系的G-G图分析了匝道行驶过程中的驾驶风险,确定了立交匝道不同位置的危险等级及危险驾驶行为的高发路段。研究结果表明：①立交匝道上小客车的横向加速度与速度呈三角形分布,纵向加速度与速度呈椭圆形分布;②小半径曲线匝道上出现危险驾驶行为的比例要高于大半径曲线匝道;③通过统计不同断面的危险驾驶行为点占比,将匝道的危险断面分为低风险、中风险、高风险3个等级;④男性驾驶员在立交匝道上的危险驾驶行为占比要高于女性驾驶员,冒险型驾驶员的危险驾驶行为占比要高于其他驾驶风格的驾驶员;⑤立交匝道的危险高发路段通常位于速度变化剧烈的路段,即入弯减速段和出弯加速段。     

面向大型活动的交通应急预案快速生成与动态优化方法

现阶段大型活动突发事件下的交通组织应急预案多依赖人工经验,缺少针对性和定量化应急措施。针对预案的快速匹配问题,提出利用交通应急预案库中的历史案例提取突发事件特征属性,基于案例推理和朴素贝叶斯分类快速生成初始预案,并依据贝叶斯分类算法所得后验概率选取属性不完备情况下的最佳匹配预案。在此基础上,基于改进的规则推理建立交通应急预案库知识库和规则库,并采用正向推理修改预案内容。为构建评价指标体系,基于模糊层次分析法对预案应急能力水平和突发事件严重程度进行模糊评价。以北京2022年冬奥会为仿真案件,试验结果表明该方法可以快速生成最佳匹配预案并完成动态调整与完善。