公路交通参数检测器的设计

提出了一种公路交通参数检测器的设计方案。检测器分为检测模块与处理模块两部分，利用LC并联谐振电路与锁相环工作原理，设计了基于单片计算机的检测模块；根据检测器的性能要求，设计了基于单片计算机的处理模块，完成对数据的采集、处理、存贮与传输。本检测器具有实用性好、抗噪声与防串音能力强、工作稳定度高和易于实现联网工作的优点。     

浅论城市快速环道中快速路与辅道的关系

城市快速路因其“快速”的要求 ,主要用于解决道路“通达”中“通”的 (即相对于某一较长的路段 ,要求快速畅通 )的功能 ;而“达”(即到达临近街区 )的功能 ,则一般通过设于快速路两侧 (或附近 )的辅道来解决。本文主要探讨怎样合理地组合快速路及其辅道 ,分析几种组合方式的利弊     

Neighborhood services,trip purpose,and tour-based travel

Communities are increasingly looking to land use planning strategies to reduce drive-alone travel. Many planning efforts aim to develop neighborhoods with higher levels of accessibility that will allow residents to shop closer to home and drive fewer miles. To better understand how accessible land use patterns relate to household travel behavior, this paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the typical range of services available in areas with high neighborhood accessibility. It explains how trip-based travel analysis is limited because it does not consider the linked (chained) nature of most travel. The second section describes a framework that provides a more behavioral understanding of household travel. This framework highlights travel tours, the sequence of trips that begin and end at home, as the basic unit of analysis. The paper offers a typology of travel tours to account for different travel purposes; by doing so, this typology helps understand tours relative to the range of services typically offered in accessible neighborhoods. The final section empirically analyzes relationships between tour type and neighborhood access using detailed travel data from the Central Puget Sound region (Seattle, Washington). Households living in areas with higher levels of neighborhood access are found to complete more tours and make fewer stops per tour. They make more simple tours (out and back) for work and maintenance (personal, appointment, and shopping) trip purposes but there is no difference in the frequency of other types of tours. While they travel shorter distances for maintenance-type errands, a large portion of their maintenance travel is still pursued outside the neighborhood. These findings suggest that while higher levels of neighborhood access influences travel tours, it does not spur households to complete the bulk of their errands close to home.     

信号交叉口摩托车与汽车混合交通流运行特性分析

摩托车出行在近期是我国中小城市居民的主要出行方式之一,因此摩托车、汽车混合交通流也是我国很多中小城市主要的机动车交通流形式。摩托车车流与汽车车流在道路上行驶的行为与特征上存在的差异较大。本文在对摩托车、汽车的混合交通流信号交叉口的实际调查基础上,将摩托车与汽车的相关数据分开进行统计分析,得到了较为符合实际的摩托车、汽车混合交通流在信号交叉口的特征,对交叉口的设计、提高信号交叉口的安全性和通行能力有重要的意义。     

车载动态实时可视化交通信息服务系统

一种新型城市交通信息服务系统,它采用GPS接收机、数码像机、有线/无线智能传感器、辅以人工等方式完成路况信息采集,经控制中心处理后按1～3次/min频率生成全面、综合反映路况信息的实时、动态交通图,通过无线传输为公众提供实时、动态路况信息,并用全新概念的车载显示器Skipper显示路况信息,实现道路车辆均衡化、提高道路利用率。论述了其开发背景、系统构成及工作原理、核心产品开发与运用等。     

高速公路事故响应控制模式构建

为优化高速公路发生交通事故后的入口匝道调节率,以达到减缓交通拥挤、降低事故冲击的目的,对高速公路交通事故发生后的车流行为进行了研究,以车流行为改变引起的检测信号为基础,建立了控制所需的行为参数集;利用控制理论,构建了高速公路事故动态随机响应控制模式,并利用卡尔曼滤波和线性二次高斯方法求解,通过实例演算进行评析。研究结果表明:提出的控制模式与无控制和定时控制相比较,对中等流量具有较好的控制效果,对较高流量和较低流量具有一定的控制效果,对较高流量和中等流量下的通过率有一定的改善。该控制模式可运用于高速公路智能控制系统之中,提高事故条件下的道路交通服务水平。     

模糊逻辑推理在消除交通流诱导负效应中的应用

针对交通流诱导可能产生的负效应问题,提出了诱导负效应消除的原理和模糊逻辑推理方法。在原理设计中,考虑了出行者的出行行为对网络交通流分配的影响;在实现方法上,应用模糊推理技术对分流交通量进行了预测,并设计了路线交叉口信号灯配时方案调整的模糊控制算法,模拟结果验证了模糊逻辑推理技术的有效性。研究表明:交通流诱导负效应的产生主要是由于信息条件下的道路出行者路线选择行为的不确定性引起的,而且交通流诱导与控制同时进行是消除交通流诱导负效应产生的关键。     

高速公路浓雾监测预警系统

为研究浓雾对高速公路运营的影响,通过建设高速公路环境气象监测站以获取与浓雾发生密切相关的气象要素和能见度实测值,并结合高速公路沿线历史浓雾个例研究形成浓雾的环流形势特征和局地监测站气象要素演变与能见度值变化规律和特征,由此建成了高速公路浓雾监测预警系统。系统通过多种通讯传输和显示手段,将自动监测站的实况和预报中心制作的浓雾预警、预报结论传送至公路运营指挥中心,供采取决策措施时应用。该系统目前已由无锡段扩展到常州至苏州段,在试验应用期,沪宁高速公路在试验路段未发生因浓雾而造成的重大交通事故。     

基于GIS的区域道路交通安全管理系统研究

基于GIS的道路交通安全管理系统是将GIS、道路信息、交通事故信息及各类处置模型相集成的一个有机的整体。该整体利用GIS的可视性、空间分析能力和交通事故信息及相关资料的连续性、系统性通过相关的处置模型实现对系统所辖区域内各小区的道路安全水平的综合评价、预测,提出相应的区域道路网安全水平改善对策,从而达到提高整个区域道路网安全水平的目的。本文研究了基于GIS的道路安全管理系统的主要功能和对应于各功能的模块组成,提出了系统的建立程序。     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.