模糊销售机制在航班延误损失优化中的应用

针对航空公司机票销售淡季的航班延误损失严重问题,首先,利用霍特林模型从收益管理的角度,分析模糊销售机制在航班延误损失优化中的运用。通过分析模型发现:实行模糊销售机制能够缓解航班延误对航空公司期望收益的影响。最后,利用数值模拟分析了模糊销售机制的有效性,同时发现:实行模糊销售机制并不能完全消除航班延误对期望收益的影响,在销售淡季,航班延误率越大,模糊销售机制缓解航班延误损失的效果越明显。     

考虑客流空间分布的地铁列车节能时刻表优化方法

客流变化引起的列车质量变化是影响地铁列车能耗与节能运行的重要因素之一. 本文考虑地铁线路客流空间分布差异，研究耗散型再生制动能利用方式下的列车节能时刻表优化方法. 结合各区间载荷差异和列车运动方程，建立以净能耗最小为目标的时刻表优化模型，通过适度优化计划停站时间、区间运行时间和折返时间协同多列车牵引、巡航、惰行和制动过程的时空分布，设计二分法和粒子群算法对模型求解. 以北京地铁某线路进行实例研究，结果表明，优化模型能有效协同多列车的节能运行，考虑客流空间分布差异比假定列车载荷为常数能进一步提升节能效果.     

On the network connectivity of platoon-based vehicular cyber-physical systems

In the past few years, vehicular ad hoc networking (VANET) has attracted significant attention and many fundamental issues have been investigated, such as network connectivity, medium access control (MAC) mechanism, routing protocol, and quality of service (QoS). Nevertheless, most related work has been based on simplified assumptions on the underlying vehicle traffic dynamics, which has a tight interaction with VANET in practice. In this paper, we try to investigate VANET performance from the vehicular cyber-physical system (VCPS) perspective. Specifically, we consider VANET connectivity of platoon-based VCPSs where all vehicles drive in platoon-based patterns, which facilitate better traffic performance as well as information services. We first propose a novel architecture for platoon-based VCPSs, then we derive the vehicle distribution under platoon-based driving patterns on a highway. Based on the results, we further investigate inter-platoon connectivity in a bi-directional highway scenario and evaluate the expected time of safety message delivery among platoons, taking into account the effects of system parameters, such as traffic flow, velocity, platoon size and transmission range. Extensive simulations are conducted which validate the accuracy of our analysis. This study will be helpful to understand the behavior of VCPSs, and will be helpful to improve vehicle platoon design and deployment.     

Border crossing delay prediction using transient multi-server queueing models

As a result of the continued increase in travel demand coupled with the need for tighter security and inspection procedures after September 11, border crossing delay has recently become a critical issue with tremendous economic and social costs. The current paper develops multi-server queuing models to estimate border crossing delay in support of a predictive traveler information system for the crossings. Two classes of multi-server models are considered: (1) models with exponential inter-arrival times and Erlang service times; and (2) a more generic model with a Batch Markovian Arrival Process (BMAP) and phase types (PH) services. As a case study, the models are developed based on real-time traffic volume and inspection time data collected at one of the major US–Canada border crossings, the Peace Bridge, and their transient solution is obtained using heuristic methods. For validation, the queueing models’ estimates are compared to the results from a detailed microscopic traffic simulation model of the Peace Bridge border crossing. The comparison shows that the transient queueing model, along its heuristic solution algorithm, is capable of predicting border crossing delay. Finally, a set of sensitivity analysis tests are conducted, and the developed models are incorporated within an optimization framework to help inform border crossing management strategies.     

地铁运行图质量指标评价研究

通过对地铁运行图质量指标体系的研究分析,以广州地铁为例,阐述了三大指标对列车运行图的评价意义,期望给同行提供借鉴.     

ENSO指数与我国降水延时相关分析

将不同ENSO指数与我国0.5°×0.5°月降水量网格数据进行步长为0~12个月的延时相关分析,结果显示我国降水对不同的ENSO指数的响应有很大差异.选择相关性较显著及区域分布明显的Nino1+2和Nino3为ENSO代表指数,这两个指数与我国大部分地区降水呈明显的正相关,按响应程度该两指数对我国降水影响可分为东北地区、东南地区、西北北部及西南西部地区、西北东南及西南东部地区等5个区域.我国降水对ENSO代表指数响应最大时延时月份,可以分为华北北部地区、西南西部地区、全国大部地区、东南地区等4个区域.     

Modelling and validation of coupled high-speed maglev train-and-viaduct systems considering support flexibility

This study presents a more realistic modelling of the maglev-based high-speed railway line in Shanghai, China. Focus is placed on an accurate simulation of the two subsystems: the train subsystem including the magnets and the viaduct subsystem including the modular function units of the rails. The electromagnet force–air gap model with a proportional-derivative (PD) controller is adopted to simulate the interaction between the maglev train via its electromagnets and the viaduct via its modular function units. The flexibilities of the rails, girders, piers and associated elastic bearings are all considered in the modelling of the viaduct subsystem to investigate their effects on an interaction between the two subsystems. By applying the proposed model to the Shanghai maglev line, the essential characteristics of the coupled system can be duly captured. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed approach are then validated by comparing the computed dynamic responses and frequencies with the measurement results. It is confirmed that the proposed modelling with a detailed simulation of the magnets and modular function units can duly account for the dynamic interaction between the train and viaduct systems. Moreover, the effects of the inclusion of the flexibilities of the rails, girders and elastic supports to the response of the coupled system are respectively investigated, the results of which prove that their involvements are essential to the accurate prediction of the response of the coupled maglev train–viaduct system.     

Train routing and timetabling problem for heterogeneous train traffic with switchable scheduling rules

This paper proposes a mathematical model for the train routing and timetabling problem that allows a train to occasionally switch to the opposite track when it is not occupied, which we define it as switchable scheduling rule. The layouts of stations are taken into account in the proposed mathematical model to avoid head-on and rear-end collisions in stations. In this paper, train timetable could be scheduled by three different scheduling rules, i.e., no switchable scheduling rule (No-SSR) which allows trains switching track neither at stations and segments, incomplete switchable scheduling rule (In-SSR) which allows trains switching track at stations but not at segments, and complete switchable scheduling rule (Co-SSR) which allows trains switching track both at stations and segments. Numerical experiments are carried out on a small-scale railway corridor and a large-scale railway corridor based on Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway (HSR) corridor respectively. The results of case studies indicate that Co-SSR outperforms the other two scheduling rules. It is also found that the proposed model can improve train operational efficiency.     

Pneumatic train brake simulation method

The design of new pneumatic brakes for rail vehicles or improvements of existing ones can be made better or more efficient by the use of a simulation method. This paper gives a general presentation of the author’s modelling methods used for solving problems relating to railway pneumatic brakes. The brake models in this paper (slightly different from those of other authors) take into account air-wave phenomena including air viscosity, the influence of the brake pipe branches, heat transfer in the brake pipes and reservoirs, air flows in the brake valves and the dynamics of moving mechanical parts. For various simulation purposes, separate partial models with different levels of accuracy were created. Various verifications and identifications of the models were performed with the use of train brake testing facilities, including both in-house and other test stands. A variety of examples of simulation results are presented here.     

基于无线通信的无缝漫游模型

为了保证列车在高速行驶过程中,与轨旁不同接入点之间进行数据传输的连续性,提出一种利用列车长度特点的无线信号切换模型,通过软件合理调度车头和车尾的信号源,有效避免了新链路的网络连接延迟时间对传输通道的影响,把新链路的网络连接延迟时间压缩为0,实现了列车的无缝漫游。