武汉市综合交通体系规划构想

结合武汉市新一轮城市总体规划、土地利用规划和综合交通体系规划"三规"同步修编,如何做好新时期综合交通体系规划修编工作成为当前亟须思考的问题。首先对城市综合交通体系规划的地位、作用及存在的不足进行分析。回顾武汉市已开展的三轮综合交通体系规划实践,指出既有规划在一体化发展、枢纽衔接与合作、土地开发模式、交通与空间发展的协调性等方面的不足。结合武汉市新一轮综合交通体系规划修编,从交通引领发展、建设枢纽城市、交通规划转型、优化交通结构等方面阐述需要重点研究并解决的问题。规划修编强调综合交通体系规划、城市总体规划、土地利用规划"三规"高效衔接与互动融合,通过一系列政策保障城市交通行动计划的推进。     

铁路枢纽小运转列车径路优化

以枢纽小运转列车运营成本和货运站装卸费用最小为目标,考虑载重量、列车数和运行时间约束,建立了枢纽小运转列车路径优化模型.并以某铁路枢纽地区为例,运用ILOG CPLEX优化软件仿真求解,得出枢纽小运转列车的最优路径方案.实例证明模型是有效可行的,与实际运行比较,优化后的费用降低近5%,运输距离缩短近8.31%.     

高速艇水翼减阻方案及翼滑艇阻力估算方法

文章介绍了高速艇上水翼减阻的原理以及三种不同类型的高速艇上加装水翼的技术方案及其达到的减阻效果,并给出了滑行艇首部加装水翼（即翼滑艇）后整船阻力的估算方法。基于三维非线性涡格法,建立了单独水翼/水翼组合体/多水翼系统的水动力性能理论计算方法,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,可作为翼滑艇阻力估算中单独水翼水动力性能的计算方法。算例结果表明,文中的方法可用于单独水翼/水翼组合体/多水翼系统和滑行艇加装减阻水翼的初步技术方案设计。     

Developing a Spatially Enabled Inventory of Recreational Boats Using Vessel Registration Data

Effective waterway management requires information on the characteristics and locations of boats. A field-based boat census—a traditional method to obtain spatially accurate information—is relatively expensive, time-consuming, and restrictive in scope. Vessel registration data, maintained by all U.S. states, is potentially a more robust information source. This research evaluated the accuracy and reliability of vessel registration data to supply location and attribute information for boats. The study premise was to use vessel registration data, which includes the mailing address of registered boat owners, to develop a spatially enabled inventory of boats. The study area comprised 12,064 salt-water accessible property parcels in two Florida counties. An on-water census (OWC) provided location and characteristics for 5,023 vessels, which were compared to 8,681 vessel registration records linked to the study area. Discrepancies between the OWC and vessel registration data were explained by a stratified, random sample of 485 telephone survey respondents. Study results show that vessel registration data accurately located and characterized roughly 81% of the boat population; in contrast, the OWC accurately located less than 56%. A conclusion is that state vessel registration data is a better alternative than an OWC for locating and characterizing boats kept along waterways.     

A practical capacity model of a single track line

The paper presents a model for determining the practical capacity of a single track line, i.e. the maximum number of trains which can be run along it in a time unit under the condition that each train enters its bottleneck segment with a definite delay.

The input data used in the model are: geometrical characteristics of the bottleneck segment of the line under study, the intensity and structure of demand expressed by a number of trains which are run over the line in a given time unit, the scenario of traffic running over the line under study and the operational tactics of individual train categories processing on the bottleneck segment.

(Two tactics can be applied in the train processing on the line under study; first, the trains of individual categories are given different priorities in the processing, and second, all the trains have the same priority).

The output results of the model are average delays of trains of each category occurring within the train processing performed on the bottleneck segment of the line under study in a given time unit.     

TRIP DISTRIBUTION MODELLING USING FUZZY LOGIC AND A GENETIC ALGORITHM

This article examines possibilities for the application of soft computing techniques for the prediction of travel demand. The model, based on fuzzy logic and a genetic algorithm, successfully solves the trip distribution problem. The possibilities of using the proposed model in solving trip generation, modal split and route choice problems have also been indicated. The model has been tested on a real numerical example. Exceptionally good correspondences between estimated and real values of passenger flows have been obtained.     

A hybrid optimization-simulation approach for robust weekly aircraft routing and retiming

We address the robust weekly aircraft routing and retiming problem, which requires determining weekly schedules for a heterogeneous fleet that maximizes the aircraft on-time performance, minimizes the total delay, and minimizes the number of delayed passengers. The fleet is required to serve a set of flights having known departure time windows while satisfying maintenance constraints. All flights are subject to random delays that may propagate through the network. We propose to solve this problem using a hybrid optimization-simulation approach based on a novel mixed-integer nonlinear programming model for the robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem. For this model, we provide an equivalent mixed-integer linear programming formulation that can be solved using a commercial solver. Furthermore, we describe a Monte-Carlo-based procedure for sequentially adjusting the flight departure times. We perform an extensive computational study using instances obtained from a major international airline, having up to 3387 flights and 164 aircraft, which demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed approach. Using the simulation software SimAir to assess the robustness of the solutions produced by our approach in comparison with that for the original solutions implemented by the airline, we found that on-time performance was improved by 9.8–16.0%, cumulative delay was reduced by 25.4–33.1%, and the number of delayed passengers was reduced by 8.2–51.6%.     

试论大学英语课堂活动的有效策划

随着教学改革的不断深入,英语教师越来越重视活动在课堂中的运用。本文首先分析了大学英语课堂活动中存在的问题,再从五个方面提出了策划课堂活动时提高活动有效性的原则及改进方法,这五个方面分别是:明确活动的目标性、加强活动实用性、确保活动的可行性、把握活动的可控性、提高活动的参与性。     

Support for Oregon land‐use planning: A multi‐level analysis

Abstract

This article analyzes support for and opposition to state land‐use planning in Oregon, using voting records from the 1976 referendum to repeal Oregon's regulatory legislation and survey data. Support for controlled growth legislation is found to be a product of both individual‐level characteristics and characteristics of the larger community where one resides. The most influential contextual variables are the county's economy and the class composition of the city. The authors conclude that coastal zone managers must exercise caution when interpreting individual survey data which indicate support for various environmental concerns. Contextual differences must be taken into consideration because sources of support for coastal zone management may vary among individuals, depending on the nature of the communities in which they live.     

舰船物资转运方案计算机辅助决策算法研究

瞬息万变的现代战场对大中型水面战斗舰船甲板物资转运的效率提出越来越高的要求。引入计算机辅助决策技术,在考虑多种牵制因素的情况下,快速获得最优的物资转运方案。详细分析和阐述舰船物资转运线路规划、时间计算、作业排序以及资源配班等4个主要问题的计算机解决方法,为利用计算机辅助制定最优物资转运方案提供可行途径。