微型扑翼飞行器空气动力学研究进展

微型扑翼飞行器(FMAV)作为一种新概念的航空器,有着广泛的功能和用途,已经受到了各国的高度重视.综述了国内外对微型扑翼飞行器的低雷诺数空气动力学问题的研究现状及未来的发展趋势,讨论了目前研究中需要解决的一些关键技术.在此基础上,总结出今后研究的重点,并为微型扑翼飞行器的设计提供了参考依据.     

我国现行宪法修改的特点

我国现行宪法自1982年12月颁布以来经历了1988年1、993年1、999年2、004年四次修改,宪法作为国家的根本大法,一经制定便是较具稳定性的文件,不能也不应朝令夕改.宪法的尊严性强化了它的稳定性,但随着社会政治、经济面貌的迅猛变化,就不可避免地使宪法产生某些落后于现实的地方,以至突破了宪法的承受力和能容力.因此,我国现行宪法修改有如下特点:1、宪法修改具有极强的限制性;2、宪法修改的适应性;3、宪法修改的补漏性;4、宪法修改的连续性;5、宪法修改的原则性与兼容性;6、宪法修改具有严格的程序性(不成文宪法例外);7、宪法修改的普适性.     

Phase change analysis of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean's thermal energy

The phase change characteristic of the power source of an underwater glider propelled by the ocean's thermal energy is the key factor in glider attitude control. A numerical model has been established based on the enthalpy method to analyze the phase change heat transfer process under convective boundary conditions. Phase change is not an isothermal process,but one that occurs at a range of temperature. The total melting time of the material is very sensitive to the surrounding temperature. When the temperature of the surroundings decreases 8 degrees,the total melting time increases 1.8 times. But variations in surrounding temperature have little effect on the initial temperature of phase change,and the slope of the temperature time history curve remains the same. However,the temperature at which phase change is completed decreases significantly. Our research shows that the phase change process is also affected by container size,boundary conditions,and the power source's cross sectional area. Materials stored in 3 cylindrical containers with a diameter of 38mm needed the shortest phase change time. Our conclusions should be helpful in effective design of underwater glider power systems.     

对于渔船避让的几点见解

阐述了大连——日本航线上经常遇到的渔船种类及作业特点,总结出针对不同种类的渔船在捕捞过程中应采取的必要措施,为以后在该航线上行驶的远洋船舶驾驶人员提供经验借鉴。     

Lagrangian flow in the California Undercurrent, an observation and model comparison

During the period 1992–1998, 38 isobaric RAFOS floats were deployed to sample the subsurface flow of the California Undercurrent. The deployments, released over the California continental slope west of San Francisco, have sampled robust year-round poleward subsurface flow associated with the Undercurrent most seasons and the combined inshore current and Undercurrent in winter. Two other types of flow have been seen: a region of weak flow with little net displacement just west of the California Undercurrent, and an active westward propagating eddy field. This eddy field appears to be the primary mechanism for moving floats from the Undercurrent into the ocean interior. The observations and statistics from the RAFOS floats are compared with Lagrangian estimates of particles tracked in a global high resolution ocean simulation in order to evaluate the fidelity of the model along an eastern boundary. The results show that the model reproduces the general character of the flow reasonably well, but underestimates both the mean and eddy energies by a substantial amount.     

带小圆管圆柱振荡流中流体动力系数试验研究

本试验利用摆动装置进行了带小圆管圆柱的流体动力系数的测量研究。首先用光体圆柱作为校核模型进行试验,将结果与已有资料进行比较,以确定试验方法可行。然后对圆柱带一根、二根和三根小圆管进行了系列测量试验,得到了一批数据,可供有关设计工作使用。     

文丘利型油燃烧器出口气液两相流动与燃烧的数值模拟

针对选配文丘利型油燃烧器的燃油锅炉中液雾燃烧的特点,在冷态等温流场数值模拟结果及 EBU-Arrhenius模型模拟气相燃烧所得结果的基础上,数值模拟了单只文丘利油燃烧器出口的气液两相 流动与燃烧,给出了流场中的速度场、温度场以及浓度场的分布信息,这些结论可为该型燃油锅炉的进 一步设计和运行以及燃烧室的布置提供有益的依据。     

Modeling the interactions between car and bicycle in heterogeneous traffic

In this paper, a new cellular automata model is proposed to simulate the car and bicycle heterogeneous traffic on urban road. To capture the complex interactions between these two types of vehicles, a novel occupancy rule is adopted in the proposed model to consider the variable lateral distances of mixed vehicular traffic. Based on massive simulations, microscopic fundamental diagrams under different bicycle densities are devised. With these, the bicycle's spilling behavior is then investigated and discussed. In order to reflect the interference of a bicycle on a car, the interference transformation from friction state to block state is modeled explicitly. Finally, different simulation results under different occupancy rules indicate that the constant and fixed occupancy rule adopted in the previous studies might lead to overestimation of car flux in the heterogeneous traffic flows with different bicycle densities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公路隧道运营通风横通道周围流场特性研究

为研究公路隧道巷道式运营通风横通道周围的流场特性,以贵州凉风坳隧道为研究背景,利用流体力学研究软件Fluent建立隧道三维模型并进行了数值仿真计算。通过在隧道两边等风速条件下,对隧道内人行横通道以及车行横通道附近的流场特点研究,分析了运营通风横通道周围流场分布的具体特点。模拟结果表明:车行横通道与人行横通道两边流场分布基本相同;横通道内风速相对较小,约为隧道内风速的10%;不同风速下,横通道附近的速度分布和总压分布整体走势一致;两边流场相对稳定,不会进行风流和污染物的串流。     

军港磁谐振式无线供电动态调谐技术分析

磁谐振式无线电能传输具有高效率、灵活性和安全性的优势,利用它来实现军港无线供电具有广阔的应用前景.本文首先建立了磁谐振式无线电能传输系统的互感电路模型,分析了系统特性;在此基础上系统分析了磁谐振式无线电能传输动态调谐技术;最后立足于实际应用提出磁谐振式无线电能传输技术的军港应用亟待解决的几个问题.