Floating production platforms and their applications in the development of oil and gas fields in the South China Sea

This paper studies the current available options forfloating production platforms in developing deepwater oil fieldsand the potential development models of future oil and gasexploration in the South China Sea. A detailed review of currentdeepwater platforms worldwide was performed through theexamples of industry projects, and the pros and cons of eachplatform are discussed. Four types of platforms are currently usedfor the deepwater development： tension leg platform, Spar,semi-submersible platform, and the floating production systemoffloading. Among these, the TLP and Spar can be used for dry treeapplications, and have gained popularity in recent years. The drytree application enables the extension of the drilling application forfixed platforms into floating systems, and greatly reduces the costand complexity of the subsea operation. Newly built wet treesemi-submersible production platforms for ultra deepwater are alsogetting their application, mainly due to the much needed payloadfor deepwater making the conversion of the old drillingsemi-submersible platforms impossible. These platforms have beenused in different fields around the world for different environments;each has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are manychallenges with the successful use of these floating platforms. A lotof lessons have been learned and extensive experience accumulatedthrough the many project applications. Key technologies are beingreviewed for the successful use of floating platforms for fielddevelopment, and potential future development needs are beingdiscussed. Some of the technologies and experience of platformapplications can be well used for the development of the SouthChina Sea oil and gas field.     

大型船舶燃油输送监控系统设计

着重介绍了大型船舶燃油输送监控系统设计特点,以及分区设计的思想.遵循设备和系统技术的可靠、适用和先进原则,讨论现场总线网络、传感器等的选型及设计.利用可视化编程工具,编制便于操作人员迅速掌握操作要领的人机操作界面.为满足系统的采集、监测、控制与报警等功能,对其网络组成、体系架构、传感器选配、数据采集处理系统和软件构架等进行研究和设计,利用联调试验验证以及适应性改进,确保最终产品的成功.介绍研制过程中出现的问题及解决方法.现场设备采用分区布置设计,并选用现场总线Profinet网络,应用人机界面LabVIEW编程软件.上位网借用平台主干网搭建.由于利用了平台资源及其坚固性和可靠性,不仅能提高本系统数据传输的可靠性和通信能力,还可减少投资,避免因单独组网而造成的技术风险和成本增加.     

船舶机舱机械通风数值模拟分析和优化设计

某海监船在进行机舱机械通风效用试验时,发现存在舱内气流分布不均、风速梯度变化较大、部分船员操作和活动区域温度偏高等问题。为解决上述问题,利用CFD技术对该船机舱机械通风系统进行数值分析,并提出机舱气流改进方案。随后,选取优化前、后的典型截面进行分析,指出在保证舱内适当负压的情况下可将机械送风改为机械抽风,从而实现机舱进风量增加50%,并消除舱内气流大漩涡和改善气流组织。此外,还提出可在右舷开一个新增风口,以更有效消除气流漩涡,并降低局部温度。结果显示,该优化方案能够满足海船规范要求且施工方便,对于工程设计具有一定的参考价值。     

高炉煤气余热锅炉数值模拟与传热系数的修正

应用CFD软件对某高炉煤气余热锅炉进行数值模拟,研究了余热锅炉内部的流动和温度分布,分析了各部分烟道中的换热情况以及流场对换热的影响。将数值模拟与热力计算数据进行比较,根据分析结果,提出了修正热力计算中影响传热系数相关参数的建议,为提高热力计算的精度提供依据,文中的研究可为同类余热锅炉的设计提供参考。     

超声冲击对 Q235钢表面等离子喷涂涂层组织及抗热震性能的影响

利用等离子喷涂技术在Q235钢表面喷涂Mo涂层及Mo/A12 O3-TiO2复合涂层,对所制备的涂层进行超声冲击处理．利用SEM等分析测试手段,研究了超声冲击前后涂层表面的宏观及微观组织形貌;通过热震试验,研究了超声冲击对涂层热震性能的影响．结果表明：超声冲击处理对复合涂层的抗热震性能影响不大,且均优于 Mo涂层．但超声冲击处理对Mo涂层的抗热震性能影响较大,热震失效次数由超声冲击处理前的87次提高至超声冲击处理后的96次．Mo涂层的失效形式则主要表现为小块剥落直至最终剥落面积超过总面积的1/3而失效,复合涂层的失效形式主要表现为整体剥落．     

斜拉桥塔柱水化热温度应力分析

根据热传导有限单元法原理,采用热-应力耦合的方法对混凝土浇筑水化热引起的斜拉桥空心塔柱的温度效应进行分析,运用 ANSYS 进行仿真分析,得到温度场分布特点以及温度应力的发展规律,为控制施工中的水化热温度裂缝提供了理论依据以及防止开裂措施。     

Discussion on the assessment of initial stress field of railway rock massEI北大核心

Research purposes: In actual work, according to the ground stress data for assessment, most railway tunnels are under very high ground stress and high ground stress state, which causes adjustment of surrounding rock and engineering measures to strengthen, thus these will cause large increased investment, even cause large dispute and chaos in analysis causes of tunnel lining cracking and deformation, but the engineering case that rock burst and large deformation occurred in actual excavation of tunnel is very rare. In this paper, according to rock mass mechanical theory, the ground stress information and engineering case, combined the relevant provisions of similar industry, the assessment of initial stress fields of rock mass in railway specification is discussed. Research conclusions: (1) The assessment of railway specification to initial ground stress field is not realistic and should be revised, preliminary judgment when the measured in-situ stress >30 MPa, the possibility of rockburst is increased. (2) Assessment conclusion of initial ground stress field should be discreet, the increased investment should be incorporated into the dynamic design. (3) The stress tests of survey design stage should be reasonable and appropriate. (4) The research results can be applied to the modification of railway norms and tunnel exploration.     

GSPU深水湿式保温管节点填充工艺

为解决GSPU深水湿式保温管节点填充技术问题,通过对GSPU深水湿式保温管节点结构及使用环境的分析,提出了一种GSPU深水湿式保温管节点安装工艺要求,研究出一种GSPU深水湿式保温管节点工艺并进行了实验,找到了比较实用的GSPU深水湿式保温管节点填充工艺,确定了关键工艺参数。     

基于瞬态边界元法的铁路车轮声辐射研究

轨道车轮的振动声辐射瞬态特性分析能够直观反映车轮结构的时域振动响应和时域声辐射特性.利用有限元/瞬态边界元法的计算机仿真技术,对S形辐板车轮在时域下进行振动及声辐射特性分析.研究结果表明:踏面和辐板的轴向位移响应级基本一致,且轮辋和辐板之间轴向振动存在耦合关系;踏面、轮辋和辐板轴向位移响应级的变化趋势一致,具有类似于"拍"的周期特性;在车轮轴线上距离车轮30m处的声压集中在60~80dB,且随时间的增加整体缓慢上升,再趋于平稳;声压主要分布在3 500Hz以下的频段.研究结果为瞬态声辐射仿真技术在车轮振动声辐射特性研究中的应用提供参考.     

方腔内热磁致空气自然对流数值研究

建立了处于空间中的孤立永磁体产生的永磁场中的二维方腔热磁自然对流模型,并通过数值计算的方法研究了方腔内空气在重力和磁化力驱动下的自然对流现象.在瑞利数105和磁场强度0.5~3.5T范围内,研究了梯度磁场对自然对流的抑制作用,给出了方腔内磁浮升力场,温度场、流场的变化以及方腔内壁面的换热特性.结果表明:高剩磁钕铁硼永磁体磁场可以明显的抑制方腔内自然对流,与重力场自然对流相比,方腔内流场和温度场发生了明显的变化,剩磁3.5T时Nu减小达47%.