市域城市轨道交通及其主要技术特征

介绍了日本、德国、法国等国外典型市域快速线概况及我国市域线概况.分析了市域线的主要功能定位和起源.阐述了市域线对城市形态的影响,以及市域线与一般轨道交通主要技术特征的比较.结合上海市轨道交通线网规划和9号线等工程实际情况,对市域线的主要技术标准进行了探讨.     

从可持续发展角度谈城市轨道交通的规划和设计

针对当前我国城市轨道交通进入快速发展阶段的新形势,从可持续发展与我国城市化进程加快的角度,审视城市轨道交通线网的规划和设计,探讨线网规模确定、换乘方式、站台宽度、楼扶梯数量与宽度、换乘通道宽度以及售检票闸机布置方式等值得关注的问题.指出目前在车辆制式的选择上偏于保守,提出我国特大城市中心城区的轨道交通线路应首先考虑采用宽体A型车的地铁系统比较恰当;同时在车辆编组方面土建工程应留有适当的余地,以应对远期城市发展带来的客运需求.指出目前大型换乘枢纽站的站台宽度、楼扶梯的数量与宽度、换乘通道宽度等都满足不了运营需求,建议在大客流的换乘车站宜采用近距离的通道换乘设计.建议设计时控制市中心区的车站站台的最小宽度不宜小于10 m;建议按照A型车的载客能力,每2节车厢至少配置一组楼扶梯,并加宽楼扶梯宽度.指出目前闸机计算通过能力大干实际通过能力,售检票机布置与客流流线不匹配.建议闸机与客流流线垂直布置,从而避免客流流线的相互干扰.     

综合交通线网规划方案合理性评价内涵探讨

文章从合理性的一般哲学解释出发,论证出综合交通线网规划方案合理性存在的必然性,然后分别从多方式合理分工、各交通线路分阶段整体推进、交通线网投资实施总体控制、交通网络构建符合OD分布规律、以及线网规划目标考虑资源消耗限制等方面,深入分析合理的综合交通体系应具备的特征,并由此推荐系列评价指标集,从而为综合交通线网规划方案合理性评价提供理论依据。     

A link-node complementarity model and solution algorithm for dynamic user equilibria with exact flow propagations

In this paper, we propose a link-node complementarity model for the basic deterministic dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem with single-user-class and fixed demands. The model complements link-path formulations that have been widely studied for dynamic user equilibria. Under various dynamic network constraints, especially the exact flow propagation constraints, we show that the continuous-time dynamic user equilibrium problem can be formulated as an infinite dimensional mixed complementarity model. The continuous-time model can be further discretized as a finite dimensional non-linear complementarity problem (NCP). The proposed discrete-time model captures the exact flow propagation constraints that were usually approximated in previous studies. By associating link inflow at the beginning of a time interval to travel times at the end of the interval, the resulting discrete-time model is predictive rather than reactive. The solution existence and compactness condition for the proposed model is established under mild assumptions. The model is solved by an iterative algorithm with a relaxed NCP solved at each iteration. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the proposed model and solution approach. We particularly show why predictive DUE is preferable to reactive DUE from an algorithmic perspective.     

Examining the influence of multidestination service orientation on transit service productivity: a multivariate analysis

Between 1990 and 2000, U.S. transit agencies added service and increased ridership, but the ridership increase failed to keep pace with the service increase. The result was a decline in service effectiveness (or productivity). This marks the continuation of a long-running and often-studied trend. The scholarly literature attributes this phenomenon, at least in part, to transit agency decisions to decentralize their service rather than focus on serving the traditional CBD market. Many scholars argue that a decentralized service orientation is both ineffective and inefficient because it attracts few riders and requires large per-rider subsidies. This research tests whether a non-traditional, decentralized service orientation, called multidestination service, results in reduced service productivity. Contrary to what the literature suggests, we find that MSAs whose transit agencies pursued a multidestination service orientation did not experience lower productivity. These results indicate that policies that have encouraged the growth of decentralized transit services have not necessarily been detrimental to the industry.

三维植被网护坡技术在哈同公路的应用

介绍了边坡生态防护技术和三维植被网护坡技术在哈同公路的应用。     

方格路网车辆路径在线选择模型及竞争分析

为分析城市方格路网遭遇突发性堵塞下的车辆路径选择问题,应用在线问题与竞争策略的方法建模,设计了2种在线路径选择竞争策略,即方向贪婪策略和多选择移动策略,计算了2种策略的竞争性能比。通过策略竞争分析得出:在发生突发性堵塞的情形下,方向贪婪策略下的费用为最优费用的3倍;利用多选择移动策略在对网络具有实际意义约束条件下的部分情形能够得到最优费用,且在最坏情形下的费用为最优费用的2倍;2种策略的竞争性能比优于以往研究给出的堵塞不可恢复问题竞争比的下界。     

新时期高校网络党建的实践与思考

网络党建具有时代发展的必要性和重要性。本文阐述了新时期高校开展网络党建的必要性、网络党建设的原则,提出了高校网络党建的实施途径。     

基于约束卡尔曼滤波的短时交通流量组合预测模型

为了克服单一的交通流预测模型性能不稳定的问题,提出了基于约束卡尔曼滤波的短时交通流量组合预测模型。约束卡尔曼滤波组合预测模型以各单一预测模型的权重为状态变量,交通流量为观测变量,预测结果是单一预测模型的加权和,加权系数由约束卡尔曼滤波方程递推动态确定,最后通过广深高速公路上采集的交通流量数据对算法进行了验证。结果表明,在不同预测步长情况下,约束卡尔曼滤波组合预测模型要优于最佳的单一预测模型或与其持平,并且不受某一较差的预测模型影响,具有较高的鲁棒性。     

现代物流企业网络组织结构探析

在分析我国传统物流企业组织结构模式的基础上,探讨了网络组织理论在现代物流企业中的应用,并给出了传统物流企业组织结构向网络组织结构过渡的策略。