内燃机活塞-缸套-活塞环系统工作状态的识别方法

提出了一种基于证据理论方法的内燃机活塞—缸套—活塞环系统工作状态的识别方法。通过搭建试验台架,从实车试验中获取曲轴箱压力信号和机身振动加速度信号;提取试验特征值,组建模型样本和试验样本,并运用证据理论信息融合方法对内燃机的工作状态进行识别。研究结果表明:应用证据理论信息融合方法融合曲轴箱压力信号和机身振动加速度信号,进而识别活塞—缸套—活塞环系统的工作状态这一方法有效、可行。     

赣江大桥公路桥病害检测与安全评估

首先对赣江大桥公路桥进行病害调查,评定全桥各部位损伤状态。根据评定结果,再对材料退化、结构损伤与受力性能进行实桥测试。应用断裂力学方法,采用观测和超声波探测方法确定初始裂纹尺寸,通过裂纹扩展模拟得出临界杆件的剩余寿命。综合实测数据与理论分析,评估该桥使用安全性和剩余寿命,并建议维护加固措施。     

沥青路面破损程度分级与破损换算系数取值的探讨

本文分析现行规范中对沥青路面破损程度、密度分级以及破损换算系数取值中存在问题,通过分析沥青路面破损程度与路面使用状况关系,结合沥青路面养护措施,提出沥青路面裂缝破损密度分级的方法,并对车辙破损严重程度分级标准、裂缝和车辙破损换算系数的修正值提出建议。     

新疆公路三级区划中环境参数的提出

自然环境条件对公路工程的影响，主要体现在路线选取、路基强度和稳定性、路面稳定性和耐久性、公路主要自然病害(包括冻融、翻浆、雪害、风沙害、崩塌、滑坡和地震灾害等)、施工条件和养护运营环境等5个方面，分析自然条件和公路工程的关系，提出公路区划中地质地貌环境参数和水热状况环境参数。阐述了环境参数的提出过程，为新疆公路自然区划三级区的划分提供依据。     

Time-variant bulk carrier reliability analysis in pure bending intact and damage conditions

Time-variant reliability analysis of a corroded bulk carrier in intact and damage conditions is performed by First-Order (FORM), Second-Order (SORM) Reliability Methods and Importance Sampling simulation. Annual failure probabilities are determined up to 25-year ship lifetime, accounting for time-variant corrosion wastage of structural members contributing to hull girder strength. Statistical properties of hull girder capacity are determined by Monte Carlo simulation, applying three correlation models among corrosion wastages of structural members contributing to hull girder strength, namely no correlation, full correlation and full correlation among wastages of structural members belonging to the same category of compartments. A modified incremental-iterative method is applied, to account for instantaneous neutral axis rotation, in case of asymmetrical damage conditions, as for collision and grounding events. Incidence of intact/damage condition, as well as correlation among corrosion wastages, on annual sagging/hogging time-variant failure probability is investigated and discussed. Time-variant sensitivity analyses for intact and damage conditions are also performed, to investigate the incidence of random variables' uncertainties on the attained failure probability. Finally, the bulk carrier section scheme, benchmarked in the last ISSC Report, is applied as test case.     

Traffic modelling in system boundary expansion of road pavement life cycle assessment

This paper uses a case study of a UK inter-urban road, to explore the impact of extending the system boundary of road pavement life cycle assessment (LCA) to include increased traffic emissions due to delays during maintenance. Some previous studies have attempted this but have been limited to hypothetical scenarios or simplified traffic modelling, with no validation or sensitivity analysis. In this study, micro-simulation modelling of traffic was used to estimate emissions caused by delays at road works, for several traffic management options. The emissions were compared to those created by the maintenance operation, estimated using an LCA model. In this case study, the extra traffic emissions caused by delays at road works are relatively small, compared to those from the maintenance process, except for hydrocarbon emissions. However, they are generally close to, or above, the materiality threshold recommended in PAS2050 for estimating carbon footprints, and reach 5–10% when traffic flow levels are increased (hypothetically) or when traffic management is imposed outside times of lowest traffic flow. It is recommended, therefore, that emissions due to traffic disruption at road works should be included within the system boundary of road pavement LCA and carbon footprint studies and should be considered in developing guidelines for environmental product declarations of road pavement maintenance products and services.     

中越界河海事执法行为的风险规避

文中通过介绍中越边境河流——北仑河海事现场执法风险，分析执法风险存在的原因、表现形式，结合实际工作体会，探讨界河基层海事执法的风险防范     

隧道工程建设地质预报及信息化技术的主要进展及发展方向

复杂的不良地质条件是制约隧道安全高效建设的主要因素,要实现隧道工程的安全高效建设,首先要提高地质预测预报技术水平及其信息化程度。1)介绍我国复杂不良地质隧道超前预报的方法进展及其应用,包括突水突泥灾害源超前探测方法与设备、断层破碎带超前预报、城市地铁溶洞和孤石等探测的进展及应用等;2)介绍我国隧道岩爆监测预警方法及其应用,预报清楚之后就要加强安全风险过程监控;3)介绍基于BIM技术的建筑物(隧道工程)安全风险监控最新进展,包括安全风险实时感知系统和实时预警系统;4)指出隧道工程建设信息化技术的发展方向,包括开展基于大数据技术的TBM/盾构施工的分析与控制研究以及数字隧道向智慧隧道(建设和运营维护)的发展。     

高黎贡山隧道复杂地质条件下敞开式TBM施工关键技术研究

高黎贡山隧道地质条件极其复杂,可总结为"三高四活跃"。其中,高地热、高地应力、多断层破碎带、高压突涌水是制约TBM施工质量和安全的主要地质因素,将给TBM施工带来不可预估的风险。为了减少以上地质问题带来的TBM施工风险,通过资料查阅、调研国内外现有的TBM施工案例、专家咨询研讨、设计高适应性的TBM,并结合工程目前的施工状况,提出了TBM超前地质预报、钢筋排和钢拱架联合喷射混凝土及时支护、合理调整掘进参数等一系列确保TBM连续施工的方案与措施。研究结果可为即将进场施工的TBM提供理论参考。     

柴油机起动过程缸内窜机油现象的可视化研究

在单缸机上利用内窥镜技术观察到了起动过程中缸内有窜机油的现象。采用图像分析和试验验证相结合的方法,分析了缸内窜机油现象发生的原因,研究了转速和进气压力对柴油机起动倒拖工况下缸内窜机油现象的影响,研究了起动着火运行时缸内的窜机油现象以及炭烟排放特性。研究表明:柴油机高转速起动倒拖工况下,在压缩上止点前后以及排气上止点后均有机油窜入缸内;当转速升高时,窜入缸内的机油量增加;当缸内压力升高时,窜入缸内的机油量减少;在起动着火过程中,运行初期缸内出现窜机油现象,随着发动机运行时间增加,窜机油现象消失,炭烟减少。