贵阳至黄平高速公路走廊方案研究

公路走廊的选定基本确定项目路线走向、工程规模与投资等,从而影响项目乃至沿线的经济和社会效益。文中结合工作实际,对影响走廊选取密切相关的各因素,采取权重分析,通过定量、定性分析后选定推荐方案。该方式避免了以往走廊研究比选中仅定性难以量化的问题。     

浅析大型铁路客运站交通规划理念

以重庆北站北场交通规划为例,分析和判断了铁路客流对象、车站客流组织、旅客立体换乘、车站功能布局和车站管理模式5个方面的发展趋势;提出了现代铁路客运站在综合交通枢纽、站前集散广场、机动车进出通道、交通设施布局、客流组织方面的规划设计理念。     

对海上非法砂石船有效监管问题的思考

近年来,渤海湾海上交通安全形势严峻,海上非法采砂船、砂石运输船险情频发,船沉人亡事故时有发生。文中通过对渤海湾砂石船事故原因的分析,并结合海事监管工作实际,对非法采砂船、砂石运输船的长效监管问题提出了看法和相关建议。     

Carpooling and carpool clubs: Clarifying concepts and assessing value enhancement possibilities through a Stated Preference web survey in Lisbon, Portugal

The increase of urban traffic congestion calls for studying alternative measures for mobility management, and one of these measures is carpooling. In theory, these systems could lead to great reductions in the use of private vehicles; however, in practice they have obtained limited success for two main reasons: the psychological barriers associated with riding with strangers and poor schedule flexibility. To overcome some of the limitations of the traditional schemes, we proposed studying a carpooling club model with two main new features: establishing a base trust level for carpoolers to find compatible matches for traditional groups and at the same time allowing to search for a ride in an alternative group when the pool member has a trip schedule different from the usual one. A web-based survey was developed for the Lisbon Metropolitan Region (Portugal), including a Stated Preference experiment, to test the concept and confirm previous knowledge on these systems’ determinants. It was found through a binary logit Discrete Choice Model calibration that carpooling is still attached with lower income strata and that saving money is still an important reason for participating in it. The club itself does not show promise introducing more flexibility in these systems; however, it should provide a way for persons to interact and trust each other at least to the level of working colleagues.     

Assessing the cost of transfer inconvenience in public transport systems: A case study of the London Underground

Few studies have adequately assessed the cost of transfers² in public transport systems, or provided useful guidance on transfer improvements, such as where to invest (which facility), how to invest (which aspect), and how much to invest (quantitative justification of the investment). This paper proposes a new method based on path choice,³ taking into account both the operator’s service supply and the customers’ subjective perceptions to assess transfer cost and to identify ways to reduce it. This method evaluates different transfer components (e.g., transfer walking, waiting, and penalty) with distinct policy solutions and differentiates between transfer stations and movements.The method is applied to one of the largest and most complex public transport systems in the world, the London Underground (LUL), with a focus on 17 major transfer stations and 303 transfer movements. This study confirms that transfers pose a significant cost to LUL, and that cost is distributed unevenly across stations and across platforms at a station. Transfer stations are perceived very differently by passengers in terms of their overall cost and composition. The case study suggests that a better understanding of transfer behavior and improvements to the transfer experience could significantly benefit public transport systems.     

Bicycling renaissance in North America? An update and re-appraisal of cycling trends and policies

This paper reviews trends in cycling levels, safety, and policies in Canada and the USA over the past two decades. We analyze aggregate data for the two countries as well as city-specific case study data for nine large cities (Chicago, Minneapolis, Montréal, New York, Portland, San Francisco, Toronto, Vancouver, and Washington). Cycling levels have increased in both the USA and Canada, while cyclist fatalities have fallen. There is much spatial variation and socioeconomic inequality in cycling rates. The bike share of work commuters is more than twice as high in Canada as in the USA, and is higher in the western parts of both countries. Cycling is concentrated in central cities, especially near universities and in gentrified neighborhoods near the city center. Almost all the growth in cycling in the USA has been among men between 25-64 years old, while cycling rates have remained steady among women and fallen sharply for children. Cycling rates have risen much faster in the nine case study cities than in their countries as a whole, at least doubling in all the cities since 1990. They have implemented a wide range of infrastructure and programs to promote cycling and increase cycling safety: expanded and improved bike lanes and paths, traffic calming, parking, bike-transit integration, bike sharing, training programs, and promotional events. We describe the specific accomplishments of the nine case study cities, focusing on each city’s innovations and lessons for other cities trying to increase cycling. Portland’s comprehensive package of cycling policies has succeeded in raising cycling levels 6-fold and provides an example that other North American cities can follow.     

Much Ado about Nothing? - An analysis of economic impacts and ecologic effects of the EU-emission trading scheme in the aviation industry

From 2012 on, all CO₂ emissions from flights departing from or arriving at airports within the European Union have to be offset. We analyze the economic and ecological impacts that are caused by an inclusion of the aviation industry into the proposed emissions trading scheme (ETS). Building on the now fixed system design we employ a simulation model to estimate the impacts of the scheme. Our results indicate that financial impacts are highly dependant on external settings, such as allowance prices and demand growth. We show that the financial burden on the aviation industry will be rather modest in the first years after the introduction of the system and therefore induce only low competition distortions. Likewise, emission reductions within air transportation will be comparably low. While aviation will induce a decline of emissions in other sectors, significant absolute reductions within air transportation can only be reached by a more restrictive system design.     

������Ⱥ�㷨�Ĺ�·���˿�������Ż�

公路客运快递依托客运线路采用直达模式进行运输获得了较好的经济效益,但直达模式却制约着其运输网络的能力和结构. 为提高运输网络的能力,完善运输网络结构,发挥公路客运时效性好的优势,本文提出转运的思想,并用优化模型设计公路客运快递的运输网络,使快件运输时间最小化. 优化模型是带有时间窗的运输网络设计问题,传统算法难以求解,因此用蚁群算法进行求解. 算例分析表明,基于优化模型设计的运输网络可以节省快件的运输时间,提高公路客运快递的运输能力.     

甩挂运输具体应用分析

甩挂运输是一种经济、环保、高效的运输方式,早已被西方发达国家广泛应用于生产实践中,但其在我国的发展却一直举步维艰.依托国家促进甩挂运输发展的各项政策措施,结合某快递企业目前现有的运输资源与运输设备,以其在粤闽干线的甩挂运输应用分析以及二级中转站的设置为例,进而证实甩挂运输在节能减排方面的优越性.本文从固定成本、变动成本...     

Evolution of Regional Transport Structure Information Entropy and Its Dynamic Analysis

Because of the complex influencing factors, the research on transportation structure usually based on a simple combination of qualitative analysis and ratio-based relation, which lacks of objective quantitative evaluation. The paper applies the information entropy theory to quantitatively study the evolution and development law for regional transportation structure. First, the transport structure information entropy is proposed, and a balanced transportation structure and dominance indicators is proposed to measure the structure and evolution law. Based on that, the main driving-force factors are identified by principal component analysis with combination of gray relational method. The driving-force factors are: total investment in fixed assets, comprehensive factor and population. These may provide evidence for structural optimization of transportation decision-making theory. In the final section, Jiangsu province structural analysis is taken as an example to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.