高坝枢纽新建通航建筑物轴线及通航条件研究

针对山区已建高坝枢纽新建通航建筑物轴线布置受河道窄、水头高、电站泄流及已有建筑物影响等条件限制的问题,依托贵州清水江白市水电站枢纽新建通航建筑物工程,采用1∶100正态整体水工模型与自航遥控船模相结合的技术手段,对多条轴线布置方案进行通航水流条件及船舶航行操控研究与优化。试验结果表明,右岸轴线布置方案通航水流条件及船舶航行状态均较好,为推荐方案。研究成果解决了工程关键问题,可供类似已建高坝水利枢纽新建或扩建通航建筑物工程参考借鉴。     

襄阳北编组站扩能改造工程实践与分析

大型编组站扩能改造对既有运输影响大、施工组织难度高。介绍襄阳北编组站扩能改造工程的主要内容和面临的困难,分析该工程的施工组织情况,重点总结扩能改造方案与运输组织方案的优化,在此基础上,对比分析襄阳北编组站改造前后的运输效率和效益,验证该扩能改造方案的可行性。该方案兼顾了施工改造与运输生产,可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

铁路货车发展方向研究

总结我国铁路货车发展现状,分析铁路主要技术政策对货车发展的影响,预测"十三五"期间需求发展趋势,结合未来机车车辆技术的创新与发展以及制约货车装备发展的主要参数,提出我国货车未来发展方向是推进重载运输,逐步实施第四次升级换代,增加货运效益;发展集装化快捷运输和多式联运,促进铁路运输和其他物流渠道融合发展;发展专业化运输,扩大高附加值货物运输。     

局域轨道交通系统规划编制思路和方法探讨——以上海市宝山区为例

宝山区作为上海市北部门户,要积极加强对外辐射和对内联系,推动上海大都市圈一体化协同发展,客观上需要进一步强化交通功能,完善综合运输体系,形成上海北部枢纽。从轨道交通市域线、市区线、局域线三个层次,对区内轨道交通系统规划编制思路、客流预测、线网规模、布局方案等进行了探讨,以期对区域总体规划编制提供参考和借鉴。     

青岛至连云港铁路运输组织模式研究

研究目的:青连铁路是一条承担中长途旅客运输和港口集疏运功能的干线铁路,速度目标值为200km/h,其旅客运输组织模式既不同于传统的既有客货混跑模式,也有别于纯客运专线的运输组织模式。如何合理确定青连铁路的运输组织模式,是影响青连铁路经济效益和社会效益的关键。研究结论:从旅行时间节省、能力利用均衡和动车组购置费等方面,经比较分析各种运输组织模式的适应性后,确定青连铁路性质为是以客运为主的客货混跑铁路,旅客列车采用动车组与普速旅客列车相结合的运输组织模式。该模式充分发挥了青连铁路的线路能力,极大满足了不同的客流需求,也兼顾了部分货物列车。     

Socially and environmentally appropriate urban futures for the motor car

In its relatively short life, the automobile has provided a level of mobility unlikely to have been feasible with a reliance on conventional forms of land based public transport. It has contributed in both a positive and negative way to the quality of life, transforming our cities, our way of life, and giving us a greater command over time and space. Concern over the undesirable social and environmental impacts has increased over time, with calls for governments to take action to reduce the automobile's dominant role. New investment in fixed-track public transport and bus priority systems together with strategies to discourage travel have been proposed to improve accessibility and to aid in cleaning up the physical environment. This paper reviews some of the issues facing society as it works to identify policies to achieve an economically and environmentally sustainabie future. There is a need for a broader set of policies to facilitate alternative land use-transport lifestyles while facing appropriate pricing signals. Some of the key issues are adjustments in the relative prices of location and transport, spatial incentives to make public transport economically viable (i.e. changing urban densities, zoning/incentive changes to allow more infill), road pricing (i.e. charging cars the economic cost of using the roads), new information technology systems (e.g. IVHS) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of transport infrastructure, major improvements in the fuel efficiency of fossil fuelled vehicles, and alternative-fuelled vehicles (clean-air vehicles).     

小线间距单渡线安全性研究

研究目的:因盘活闲置国有资产的迫切需要,某些城市的城轨交通线路工程,利用地下既有设施,因其线间距比较小,加大线间距困难,维持原有线间距将成为工程的首要选择。规范规定单渡线线间距不应小于一定数值。哈尔滨市轨道交通一期工程利用既有人防隧道工程,受限界限制,线间距定为3.4 m。根据要求,分别在两个既有站设置了3.4 m线间距单渡线。"小线间距"单渡线,在设计、铺设、营运以及养护维修等方面经验甚少,因此除了需要研究渡线结构安全性以外,还必须分析研究其在各种运行位置时脱轨或者脱钩危险性,确保列车安全通过。研究结论:(1)车辆通过3.4 m线间距单渡线时,转向架最不利位置的转动角度在转向架结构性能允许范围内。车钩最不利位置的转动角度、伸缩量在车钩结构性能允许范围内。(2)3.4 m单渡线侧向运行时不载客的情况下,车速不宜超过20 km/h;侧向有载客需要的情况下,车速不宜超过15 km/h。     

基于期权理论的铁路货运定价模型

为了规避铁路运输企业和协议客户在市场价格波动情况下所面临的风险,在铁路货运的定价过程中引入期权的概念,利用二叉树模型为期权定价,在此基础上构建了基于铁路运输企业和协议客户收益最大条件下的铁路货运定价模型。研究结果表明:通过铁路运输企业和协议客户的最优定价决策可以求得铁路运输企业制定的协议价格和协议客户的期权购买量;协议价格与现货市场价格正相关,与铁路运输企业的长期准备成本正相关、短期准备成本负相关;随着期权价格和期权执行价格的升高,协议客户在契约市场所购买的期权数量逐渐减少。     

Introduction: Habitual travel choice

In this introduction to the special issue on habitual travel choice, we provide a brief account of the role of habit in travel behaviour, discuss more generally what habitual choice is, and briefly review the issues addressed in the solicited papers. These issues include how habitual travel behaviour should be measured, how to model the learning process that makes travel choice habitual, and how to break and replace car-use habits.     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.