黄河“兰州段”骚狐子浅滩航道整治研究

本文依据黄河“兰州段”水文、泥沙、地形等实测资料,通过河床演变分析、物理模型试验等,揭示了该河段骚狐子浅滩的河床演变规律及成滩原因.在得出该河段航道整治所需的各特征值基础上,确定出技术上可行、经济上合理的整治工程方案.     

基于AHP分析法的船舶碰撞事故法律责任划分

船舶碰撞事故法律责任划分是一项复杂的技术分析工作,运用各种先进的分析手段可以改善人脑分析中的不稳定性。在对海事法规归纳整理的基础上,结合多属性决策中的层次分析法,为解决船舶碰撞的责任分析及责任划定提供了一个行之有效的数学模型。考虑到碰撞事故责任划分的复杂性、综合性,针对不同的因素采用不同数学手段确定权重值,得出责任划分的具体结果。     

"船舶缺陷性资源"与"船员走神"问题的探讨

结合长期在船上从事驾驶台资源管理工作的实践,就如何正确处理“船舶缺陷性资源”与“船员走神”这两个问题提出见解。     

Policy innovations of the US intermodal surface transportation efficiency act and clean air act amendments

In combination, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) are innovative and aggressive efforts to move US cities toward integrated transportation and air quality planning. Under these complementary laws, air quality has become a major national transportation goal. In areas with serious air pollution, air quality will be a major consideration in determining the future shape of urban transportation.This paper considers how the CAAA and ISTEA combine to provide an innovative national policy approach of interest to countries seeking to encourage sustainable development in urban centers. The CAAA mandates measurable and enforceable air quality targets. Nation-wide standards are set for acceptable levels of carbon monoxide, ground level ozone, and small particulates. ISTEA includes directions for transportation planners and decision-makers to follow to reach air quality and other goals — transportation planning must emphasize system efficiency, and for cities with severe air pollution, transportation projects are expected to contribute to cleaner air. Each urban area has flexibility in how it applies this framework to reflect its priorities and solve its problems. Strict federal sanctions provide incentives for compliance with both laws.Enactment of these laws has produced a period of transition and uncertainty as well as of challenge and opportunity for planners and elected officials. The next several years, the US will provide one national laboratory and over 100 different urban laboratories for innovative approaches to integrate transportation and environmental policies to resolve major urban problems.Abbreviations CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 - CO Carbon monoxide - ECO Employee Commute Option - EPA US Environmental Protection Agency - HC Transportation hydrocarbons - I/M Inspections and maintenance program - ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 - MPO Metropolitan planning organizations - NO_x Nitrogen oxides - PPM Parts per million - PM₁₀ Small particulate matter - SIP State Implementation Plan - TIP Transportation Improvement Program - TCM Transportation control measures - VMT Vehicle miles traveled     

Linking land use and transportation in a rapidly urbanizing context: A study in Delhi,India

Cities in developing countries like India are facing some of the same concerns that North American cities are: congestion and urban growth. However, there is a sense of urgency in cities like Delhi, India in that this growth is far more rapid as both urbanization and motorization are ongoing processes that have not yet peaked. In this paper, we examine land use change and its relationship with transportation infrastructure and other planning related variables in a spatial context. We estimate land use change models at two different scales from separate data. Cellular automation and Markov models were used to understand change at the regional scale and discrete choice models to predict change at the local level. The results suggest that land use in the Delhi metropolitan area is rapidly intensifying while losing variety. These changes are affected by industrial, commercial and infrastructure location and planners and policy-makers need to better understand the implications of location decisions. We also examine these results in the context of a policy framework for data-based planning that links land use and transportation models for Delhi.     

船舶电动执行机构应用与发展

文章介绍了电动执行机构在舰船过程控制系统中的使用状况,对比分析了国内外电动执行机构在应用中的性能特点,提出电动执行机构发展还应立足于国内市场,重点解决船用化及小型化问题.     

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交叉口是城市交通路网中的基本单元,在考虑应急疏散路线中的延误问题时,交叉口的信号灯造成的延误是不可忽略的因素. 由于信号控制交叉口包含具有指定持续时间的一系列时间窗,导致不同的疏散开始时刻对应着不同的交叉口延误,从而有不同的疏散优化路线. 考虑交叉口信号灯延误和通行能力,通过寻找网络的最小费用流来优化事故地点至目的地的最佳疏散路线及相应的疏散流量,设计了一种复合标号算法求解网络的最小费用流. 最后以数值算例说明了算法的有效性,并对不同疏散开始时刻得出的疏散路线进行了对比. 结果表明该方法能很好地兼顾疏散时刻和疏散路线优化的要求.     

农村牧区推行客运公交化运营模式的探索与思考

农村牧区客运需求逐年增加,客运量增大,客运市场结构发生变化,因此,农村牧区客运运营模式要适应客运市场的发展变化。文章以内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗农村牧区客运运营模式的转变为例,探索、阐述了农村牧区客运公交化运营的可行性及必要性。     

铁路客运专线深厚黄土路基工后沉降数值计算模拟

客运专线因其实行客货分运而具有快速、安全的特点,越来越成为国内旅客运输的重要方式。为保证客运专线开通后按照设计速度运营后列车的安全性、平稳性和旅客的舒适性,对线路基础的工后沉降提出了更加严格的控制标准。因此有必要系统性地对客运专线路基的工后沉降进行理论上的研究。该文从客运专线铁路工程建设的应用实际出发,应用数值仿真模拟的方法,对黄土地区客运专线路基工后沉降进行研究探讨。为今后客运专线或高速铁路的设计提供有用的参数或经验。     

跨江大桥危化品运输风险及预防机制研究

目前大部分处于运营期的国内跨江大桥,在危化品运输车辆通行安全方面存在一定隐患,一旦危化品运输车辆发生事故,就有可能直接导致生命、财产损失,对跨江大桥造成一定的伤害。该文通过对跨江大桥危化品运输风险进行测算,明确其发生概率及事故严重后果,提出在桥梁设计阶段和运营期间一系列预防预警措施,如强化重点结构部位的监控预警、在设计阶段进行安全风险评估、对危化品车辆适时限行等,以期进一步降低跨江大桥危化品运输风险,提高危化品运输车辆通行效率。